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Bio 203 - Study 1
Study Stack for Bio 203 Final (Fall Semester). Vocabulary to Know.
| Word | Definition | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) | A compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue. | ATP provides energy for the body when it breaks a bond with one of its phosphates. (Pg. 44) |
| Cellular Respiration | The set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products. | The Kreb's Cycle is a form of Cellular Respiration seen in a eukaryotic cell. (Pg. 68) |
| Differentiation | The process that cells go through, while in the developmental stage, to get their special functions. | The cells in a living organism all do different things. Fat cells hold energy, and are larger and more robust than our flat skin cells, which protect the bones and muscles. Cell differentiation forms these cells so they can do their own things. (Pg. 10 |
| Gene | A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome. Also referred to as Traits. | Genes carry the alleles for certain hereditary traits. The Gene for hair color would contain the alleles for the different possible hair colors. (Pg. 80) |
| Metabolism | The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. | For example, one chemical process in a snake produces their venom. Several chemical processes are needed to digest food and convert it to energy. To do this, snakes body temperatures must be very high. (Pg. 17) |
| Photosynthesis | The use of water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun to produce oxygen and glucose. | See Reference Guide. (Pg. 66) |
| Transcription | The organic process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA. Transcription always comes before translation | DNA carries the cell’s instructions for making proteins. DNA does not leave the nucleus to deliver them. Instead, these instructions are written into a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). (Pg. 97) |
| Translation | The process where genetic information coded in mRNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Translation always comes after transcription. | The mRNA provides instructions for protein production. The protein-building instructions carried by the mRNA are translated at a ribosome. (Pg. 97) |
| Allele | One, of two or more, alternative forms of a gene. Alleles form Genotypes. | The allele for hair color could be HH, Hh, or hh. These different alleles all describe one gene (hair color) but can come with different results. Ie. HH, and Hh, could be Red hair. While hh is Brown hair. (Pg. 82) |
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TeralynE
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