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my science terms

QuestionAnswer
v The topics studied in biology v The study of life v Bio means life v logy means the study of
v The scientific method ask questions Hypothesize v Predict v Test Hypothesis v Analyze results v Draw conclusions v Communicate results
v Independent variable the variable that is being tested
v Dependent variable possible outcome from testing the independent variable
v Variable Anything that may affect the outcome of the experiment
v Control Group the group that gets the normal condition
v Experimental Group the group that gets tested
v The measurements used in biology v length v volume v mass v time v temperature
v The characteristics of life o Organization o Growth and development o Reproduction o Response to stimuli o Homeostasis o Use of energy
Ø Aristotle v One of the first people to classify organisms v He placed them into two large groups, plants and animals v Then he classified based on the presence of red blood cells
Ø Linnaeus v A Swedish physician and botanist v Classified them on similar structures and placed them into two main groups v Called them kingdoms
v The modern classification system o Domain o Kingdom o Phylum o Class o Order o Family o Genus o Species
v Use of the compound light microscope o To magnify an object using light
v The cell theory o All living things are composed of one or more cells o The cell is the basic unit o structure and function in every living thing o All cells come from other cells
v The bare necessities of life o WATER 70% of all cells
o Proteins § Long chain of amino acid molecules
o Carbohydrates § A long chain of sugar molecules or one or two
o Lipids § A large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water
o nucleic acids § macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together
v The two cell types o Eukaryotic o Prokaryotic
v Plant and animal cellular organelles o Mitochondria o Nucleus o Nucleolus o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) § Rough ER § Smooth ER o Cell membrane o Cell wall o Vacuole o lysosome o centriole o ribosome o Golgi complex o Chloroplast
Ø Passive transport v The movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cells energy
Ø Active transport v The movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cells energy
Ø Cellular respiration v The series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
v Equation for cellular respiration v Glucose + O2---- CO2 + H20 + ATP---- ENERGY
Ø Photosynthesis v A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO2 into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen
v Equation for photosynthesis v Sunlight + CO2 + H2O------ glucose + O2
Ø Fermentation v A reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low
Ø Interphase the period during the cell cycle of a cell's growth and development
Ø Mitosis § When the nucleus and its contents divide
1. Prophase were copied DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nucleus disappears and the nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers begin to form
2. Metaphase chromosomes line up in single file at the middle of the cell
3. Anaphase sister chromatids separate, spindle fibers begin to shorten pulling chromatids towards the opposite side of the cell, the cell begins to lengthen
4. Telophase a nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin, chromosomes begin to unwind, spindle fibers begin to break down, two identical nuclei form
v Levels of Organization Ø Cell Ø Tissue Ø Organ Ø Organ system Ø organism
Created by: eveam123
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