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wjn9041
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Populations of most organisms have an incredible potential for growth.most organisms don’t live long enough to reproduce There are many limiting factors in nature that regulate the growth of populations | balance of nature |
| Limiting factors can act from outside the population physical (abiotic) factors: Sunlight Water Nutrients Food Resources can be biotic factors: Competition Predation Symbiosis | extrinsic limiting factors |
| Limiting factors can also act from inside the population Changes in reproductive physiology Changes in behavior | intrinsic limiting factors |
| Competition Predation Symbiosis | biotic limiting factors |
| Sunlight Water Nutrients Food Resources | abiotic limiting factors |
| Limiting factors can act in proportion to how dense the population has become | density-dependent lim. factor |
| Limiting factors can have the same effect regardless of how dense the population has become (forest fires, tidal waves) | density-independent lim. factor |
| Modern ecologists are fascinated by __ theory, which stresses the importance of disturbance | non-equilibrium theory |
| forces that disrupt a natural ecosystem Abiotic - forest fires, floods Biotic - diseases, parasites | disturbance |
| Both predation and ___ are important forces in regulating the growth of natural populations. when two or more organisms use the same resource in a way that affects the birth rate or death rate of the competitors | competition |
| Competition between members of the same species __most intense, because your needs exactly match the needs of other members of your species | intraspecific competition |
| Competition between members of different species | interspecific competition |
| ecological role that a species plays in a biological community, the sum total of its needs and the parameters within which it can survive | niche |
| The intensity of the competition between them depends on the extent of ___ | niche overlap |
| niche = job, address= ___ | habitat |
| Competition limits the ability of either species to realize its full potential | fundamental niche |
| Competition forces organisms into a much narrower niche | realized niche |
| when one species is a better competitor than another, and forces it into local extinction | competitive exclusion |
| Two species cannot ___if they share the same limiting resource But most species manage to ___ peacefully in nature | coexistence |
| have higher rates of food capture than solitary birds Specialize in different feeding zones Some specialize in tops or bottoms of leaves Some glean insects from cracks in the trunk Some work along the main branches | mixed-species foraging flock |
| Live in same geographic area, same habitat, use it at same time of day, but exploit the resource in a different way | resource partitioning |
| Competition can take many forms, exploit resources by using them up | scramble competition (exploitation) |
| engage in a face to face contest over limited resources | contest competition (interference) |
| Contest competition is typical of animals that defend a ___ any area that an animal defends against other animals | territory |
| Only territory holders will mate Bachelor males will become___ | floaters |
| Remove the predator, the system crumbles, like removing the __ from an arch | keystone predators |
| Populations of predators and prey settled down into a regular series of cycles | predator/prey cycles |
| Predators coevolve with their prey - thicker the armor, the sharper the claw - the faster the prey, the faster the predator must be | coevolution |
| strategies for prey | warning coloration |
| hide, wait for prey to come to you | ambush predator |
| Active pursuit. group of predators Packs can adjust their aggregate body size to match the size range of the available prey | pack pursuit |
| Active pursuit. lone predators | solo pursuit |
| different strategies for catching prey, chase it and kill it | active pursuit |
| prey upon innocent plants | herbivore |
| insects lay their eggs in hosts (often paralyzed), young hatch, eat host alive | parasitoid |
| kill it and eat it | true predator |
| any organism that eats another organism | predator |
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