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Noah's Review
Science test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____________ is when sediment is removed from a source. | Erosion |
| When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure, _________ occurs. | metamorphism |
| Scientists classify rocks by _________ and _______. | texture; composition |
| How is magma formed? | By changes in composition, a rise in temperature, or a release of pressure. |
| If magma cools slowly, what kind of texture would the igeous rock have? | Coarse-grained |
| __________ forms sediment. | weathering |
| What are strata? | layers of sedimentary rock |
| What sedimentary rock is made from dissolved minerals? | chemical sed. rock |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils? | organic |
| Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of _________. | compaction and cementaion |
| What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? | temperature and pressure |
| What texture does igneous rock have when it cools quickly? | fine-grained |
| When temperature and pressure change, what can happen to the minerals in a rock? | they change into other minerals |
| What rock forms when magma cools? | igneous |
| What do bends and folds in rock show? | they have been deformed |
| _______ is when sediment is dropped and comes to a rest. | deposition |
| What is the largest of all intrusive igneous rock formations? | batholiths |
| What does lava flow out of on Earth's surface? | fissures |
| What determines a rock's composition? | minerals it is made of |
| ________ is the process by which new rock forms old rock. | rock cycle |
| What is the size, shape, and position of grains that make up a rock? | texture |
| The process by which crystals in minerals change in size or composition is________. | recrystallization |
| metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are arranged in bands or planes | foliated metamorhic rock |
| metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are NOT arranged in bands or planes | nonfoliated metamorphic rock |
| magma that cools above Earth's surface | extrusive igneous rock |
| magma that cools below Earth's surface | intrusive igneous rock |
| Minerals are not a __________ material. | organic, living |
| A silicate mineral must contain________ and ________. | silicon; oxygen |
| nonsilicate minerals include___________ elements | native |
| To reduce effects of mining, __________ takes place | reclamation |
| color of powder left by a mineral on a piece of white, unglazed porcelain is called a mineral's ___________ | streak |
| All minerals have a _________ __________ structure. | definite crystalline |
| a mineral deposit pure and large enough to be mined | ore |
| open pit and quarry mines are types of _______ mines | surface |
| nonmetallic mineral used for beauty and rarity rather than usefulness | gemstones |
| repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules is a __________ | crystalline structure |
| halides and oxides are examples of ___________ minerals | nonsilicate |
| what mineral is the hardest of the Mohs scale | diamond |
| smallest part of an element | atom |
| 2 or more elements joined by chemical means | compound |
| Besides air and water, what can change the color of a mineral? | impurities |
| the special property of glowing under UV light is | fluorescence |
| On what type of surface does a fracture occure? | curved surface |
| the way a mineral breaks is determined by it's | atoms |
| what mineral is softest on mohs scale | talc |
| _______ is the main component of most rocks on Earth | feldspar |
| a mineral composed of only on element | native element |
| a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a definite crystalline stucture | atoms |
| the special property of glowing under UV light is | fluorescence |
| minerals that have uranium, radium, or other radioactive elements can be detected with ____ | a gieger counter |
| 90% of Earth's crust is made up of ________ | silicate minerals |
| _______ is the main component of most rocks on Earth | feldspar |
| a material's ________ is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance | density |
| a solid whose atoms are arranged in a definite pattern | crystal |
| Give an example of a catastrophe | meteorite hitting earth |
| How are rocks arranged in the geologic column | youngest on top, oldest on bottom |
| What is the most common type of unconformity? | disconformity |
| What is an isotope? | atom with the same number of protons but different number of nuetrons |
| What does a scientist need to know to find the absolute age of a rock? | the rate of decay for a radioactive element in the rock |
| Give an example of mineral replacement | petrified wood |
| give an example of a trace fossil | preserved tracks |
| Era with the largest mass extinction | paleozoic |
| Which era are we in? | Cenozoic |
| What does the rock and fossil records represent? | geologic time |
| How many years of Earth's history do geologists study | 4.6 million years |
| younger over older, in terms of layers of rock | superposition |
| what do geologists use do date rock layers | index fossils |
| what do scientists belive caused the death of the dinosaurs | climate change |
| What happens during radioactive decay? | radioactve isotopes break down into stable isotopes of other elaments |
| how do geologists use the geologic time scale? | divides earth's long natural history into manageable parts |
| how do geologists use geologic column? | for relative dating |
| occurs at a constant rate | radioactive decay |
| compares one rock to another in a sequence | relative dating |
| dating of rocks in years | absolute dating |
| preserved remains of an organism | fossil |
| mark or cavity | mold |
| mold filled with sediment | cast |
| idea of gradual geologic change | uniformitarianism |
| idea of sudden geologic change | catastrophism |
| science that combines unifomitarianism and catastrophism | modern geology |
| bent rock layers due toearth's internal forces | folding |
| break in Eath's crust | fault |
| slanted rock layers due to Earth's internal forces | tilting |
| molten rock that has squeezed between existing rock and hardened | intrusion |
Created by:
swaggerflobro
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