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H3CZ's StudyStack
Science Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. | Mineral |
| Pure substances that cannot be broken down by normal chemical means. | Elements |
| A substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined of bonded. | Compound |
| A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern | Crystal |
| A mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals. | Silicate Mineral |
| A mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. | Nonsilicate Mineral |
| Minerals that are only composed of one element. | Native Elements |
| Compounds that form when and element such as aluminum or iron combines chemically with oxygen. | Oxides |
| Minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygenin their chemical structure. | Carbonates |
| Minerals that contain sulfur and oxygen. | Sulfates |
| Compounds that form when flourine, chlorine, iodine, or bromine combine with sodium, calcium, or potassium. | Halides |
| Minerals that contain one or more elements such as lead, iron, or nickel combined with sulfur. | Sulfides |
| The way in which an element reflects light. | Luster |
| The color of the powder of a mineral. | Streak |
| The splitting of a mineral along smooth flat surfaces. | Cleavage |
| The manner in which a mineral breaks along either a curved or irregular surface. | Fracture |
| A measure if the ability of a mineral to resist scratching | Hardness |
| The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. | Density |
| The process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed. | Reclamation |
| A naturally occuring solid mixture of ine ir minerals and organic matter. | Rock |
| The continual process by which a new rock forms from old rock material. | Rock Cycle |
| The process by which wind, water, rain, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. | Erosion |
| The process by which material is layed down. | Deposition |
| The chemical makeup of a rock;describes either the minerals of other materials in the rock. | Composition |
| The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and position of the rock's grains | Texture |
| Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface. | Intrusive Igneous Rock |
| Rock that forms at the Earth's surface as a result of volcanic activity. | Extrusive Igneous Rock |
| Layers of rock. | Strata |
| The processi in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers | Stratification |
| The texture of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are arranged in bands. | Foliated |
| The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in bands. | Nonfoliated |
| Properties of certain minerals that include Flourescence, Magnetism, and Optical Properties. | Special Properties of Minerals |
| A property of certain minerals that causes them to glow under UV light. | Flourescence |
| A property of certain minersls that causes them to attract iron. | Magnetism |
| A property of certain minerals that causes them to "fizz" when a weak acid is place on it. | Chemical Reaction Property |
| A property of certain minerals that causes them to taste a specific way. | Taste Property |
| A property of certain minerals that causes them to be detectable by a Geiger Counter. | Radioactivity |
| Sheetlike intrusions that cut across previous rock units. | Dikes |
| Sheetlike intrustions that are oriented parrallel to previous rock units. | Sills |
| The largest of all igneous intrusions | Batholiths |
| Large irregular-shaped igneous bodies. | Plutons |
| Intrusive bodies that are exposed over a smaller area thatn batholiths. | Stocks |
| When lava erupts and flows from long cracks in the Earth's surface. | Fissures |
| When a large amount of lava flows out of fissures on to land and forms large plains. | Lava Plateau |
| A change in shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it. | Deformation |
| A principle that states that geologic processes that occured in the past can be explained by current geological processes. | Uniformitarianism |
| A principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly. | Catastrophism |
| The scientific study of fossils. | Paleontology |
| The scientific study of past ecosystems. | Paleobotanists |
| Any method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than ohter events or objects. | Relative Dating |
| A principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed. | Superposition |
| An arrangement of rock layers in which the oldest rocks are on the bottom. | Geologic Column |
| A break in the geologic record created when tock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time. | Unconformity |
| The most common type of unconformity;when a layer of rock is missing. | Disconformity |
| When horizontal sedimentary rock layers lie on top of an eroded surface of older intrusive igneous rock or metamorphic rock from deeo within the earth. | Nonconformity |
| Unconformities that are found between horizontal layers of seimentary rock and layers of rock that have been folded or tilted. | Angular Unconformity |
| Any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years. | Absolute Dating |
| Atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. | Isotope |
| The process in which an unstable isotope breaks down into a stable isotope. | Radioactive Decay |
| A method of determining the age of and object by estimating the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotopes. | Radiometric Dating |
| The time for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay | Half-Life |
| The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes. | Fossil |
| A fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement of an animal. | Trace Fossil |
| A mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body. | Mold |
| A type of fossil that forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism. | Cast |
| A fossil that is found in only one geologic age and that is used to establish the age of the rock layers. | Index Fossil |
| The standard method used to divide the Earth's long natural history into smaller, manageable parts. | Geologic Time Scale |
| The largest division of geologic time. | Eon |
| A unit of geologic time that unvludes two or more periods. | Era |
| A unit of geologic time into which eras are divided. | Period |
| A subdivision of a gelogic period. | Epoch |
| The death of every member in a species | Extinction |
Created by:
Derpy Hooves
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