Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science Finals CMS
Crown Stephen's Science Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who wrote the "Theory of the Earth"? | James Hutton |
| Who wrote "Principles of Geology"? | Charles Lyell |
| The principle that states geologic change is gradual: | Uniformitarianism |
| The principle that states geologic change is sudden: | Catastrophism |
| What is the study of the history of the Earth? | Geology |
| Scientists who study past life using fossils: | Paleontologists |
| What are the remains of organisms preserved by geologic processes? | Fossils |
| What is the method that dates rocks older than 100,000 y/o? | Potassium-Argon |
| Unstable isotopes are ______________ | Radioactive |
| The process of figuring out how old an object is. | Absolute Dating |
| The age of an object in relation into another object is? | Relative Age |
| What is the most common method of absolute dating? | Radiometric Dating |
| The time it takes for one-half of a radioactive sample to decay: | Half-life |
| What is the process in which radioactive isotopes break down into stable isotopes? | Radioactive Decay |
| Isotopes are atoms with the same number of _________ but different numbers of ________. | Protons; Neutrons |
| Scienctists need to know the rate of decay for all ________ in a rock to find the rock's absolute age. | Elements |
| The two methods of radiometric dating that are used for rocks more than 10 million years old are ____________ and _____________. | Rubidium-strontium and Uranium-lead |
| What is the process in which minerals replace tissues? | Mineral Replacement |
| A mark or a cavity is a? | Mold |
| What is a mold filled with sediment? | Cast |
| What is a fossil formed from an animal's movement? | Trace fossil |
| Hard, sticky tree sap, or _________ preserves ________. | Amber; Insects |
| What is an example of mineral replacement? | Petrification (Petrified Wood) |
| What are the three types of trace fossils? | Tracks; Burrows; Coprolites |
| What kind of temperatures will slow down an organisms decay? | Freezing Temperatures |
| The largest division of geologic time is... | An Eon |
| Unit of geologic time that contains two periods is an? | Era |
| The third largest division of time is a(n) ________ and a(n)________ is the fourth. | Period; Epoch |
| Death of every member of a species is called? | Extinction |
| This is a standard method that divides Earth's history into smaller intervals. | Geologic Time Scale |
| Which era ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth's history? Hint: 90% were wiped out. | Paleozoic Era |
| During which era (although it is known as the "Age of Reptiles") did birds and small mammals develop? | Mesozoic Era |
| Which era is the one we are currently living in? | Cenozoic Era |
| What does the rock and fossil record represent? | Geologic Time |
| What period is the period of the dinosaurs? | Jurassic Period |
| What do scientists use to study Earth's history? | Rocks and Fossils |
| What is an ideal arrangement of all the know fossil and rock formations ever formed? | Geologic Column |
| A _______________ feature is always younger than the layer it cuts across because the rock layers needed to be existing before the features could cut across it. | Crosscutting |
| What is a break in the Earth's crust in which blocks of crust slide relative to one another? | Fault |
| Younger sediment deposited on top of older layers: | Superposition |
| Molten rock that has squeezed into existing rock and hardened: | Intrusion |
| What are rock layers bent and buckled by the Earth's internal forces? | Folding |
| What are rock layers slated by the Earth's internal forces but without folding? | Tilting |
| A break in the geologic record is called a(n)? | Unconformity |
| When sediment stops at some point and restarts, what is an unconformity formed by? | Nondeposition |
| An area worn down by water, wind or other elements creates an unconformity by: | Erosion |
| An unconformity found between horizontal layers and titled layers: | Angular Unconformity |
| Where sedimentary rock layers lie on top of an eroded surface of nonlayered igneous or metamorphic rock: | Nonconformity |
| What is the most common type of unconformity? | Disconformity |
| The four processes that shape rock on the Earth's surface are? | Deposition; Erosion; Uplift; Weathering |
| When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure, what does it change into? | Metamorphic Rock |
| What do scientists classify rocks by? | Composition & Texture |
| What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly? | Coarse-grained |
| What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools quickly? | Fine-grained |
| Which process forms sediment? | Weathering |
| Layers of sedimentary rock are? | Strata |
| Sedimentary rock is laid down in a process called? | Stratification |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is made from dissolved minerals? | Chemical |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils? | Organic |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is formed from mineral fragments called "clasts"? | Clastic |
| Humans used rocks for __________. | Tools |
| How is magma formed? | Changes in Composition |
| Madame Marie Curie & Pierre Curie received a Nobel Prize for __________ in ____________ for discovering radiation being emitted by uranium. | Physics; 1903 |
| What are two changes that can be determined by fossils? | Climate and Sea Level |
| Fossils are most commonly preserved in ______. | Rock |
| The La Brea Tar Pits are a form of _______. | Asphalt |
| Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of _________. | Cementation |
| What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? | Temperature & Pressure |
| What can minerals in rocks do when temperature and pressure change? | Change into new minerals |
| What do scientists call the rock that is formed when magma cools below the Earth's surface? | Intrusive |
| Name a coarse-grained igneous rock. | Granite |
| When shale is exposed to slight heat and pressure, what foliated metamorphic rock does it become? | Slate |
| What do bends or folds in rocks show? | They have been deformed |
| What is one way that magma forms? | When rock is heated |
| What is it called when sediment is dropped and comes to rest? | Deposition |
| Besides heat, what causes a rock to undergo metamorphism? | Pressure |
| Mud cracks form when fine-grained sediments are exposed to the air and? | Dry out |
| What is the largest of all intrusive igneous rock formations? | Batholiths |
| What does lava flow out of? | Fissures |
| The ___________ a rock is made of determines the composition of the rock. | Minerals |
| A solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter: | Rock |
| Process by which new rock forms from old rocks: | Rock Cycle |
| Process by which sediment is removed from its source: | Erosion |
| Process by which sediment is dropped and comes to rest: | Deposition |
| The chemical make-up of a rock: | Composition |
| Size, shape, and position of grains that make up a rock: | Texture |
| Process in which crystals in minerals change in size or composition: | Recrystallization |
| Metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are not arranged in plains or bands: | Nonfoliated |
| A change in the shape of rock caused by force: | Deformation |
| A metamorphic rock in which mineral grains are arranged in bands: | Foliated |
| Rock that cools at Earth's surface: | Extrusive |
| True or False: Metallic minerals don't conduct heat well. | False |
| True or False: A mineral is living. | False |
| What are the two major groups of minerals? | Silicate and Nonsilicate |
| A silicate mineral MUST contain __________ and __________. | Silicon; Oxygen |
| Silicate and nonsilicate minerals are based: | Chemical Composition |
| Mafic rocks are dark-colored rocks rich in _______, ______, and ________ but poor in _________. | Calcium; Iron; Magnesium; Silicon |
| Felsic rocks are less-dense, light colored rocks, rich in ______, _______, ________, and _________. | Aluminum; Potassium; Sodium; Silicon |
| Two examples of native elements are: (There are more than what is stated) | Copper; Gold |
| Two ways to reduce environmental effects of mining are: | Reclamation; Recycling Mineral Materials |
| The color of the powder that a mineral leaves on a piece of white, unglazed porcelain is called the mineral's: | Streak |
| True or False: Minerals are NOT liquids. | True |
| True or False: Micas are NOT a type of nonsilicate mineral. | True |
| True or False: Halides form when flourine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine with oxygen. | False |
| What is a mineral deposit large and pure enough to be mined? | An ore |
| True or False: A surface mine is an open pit and quarry mine. | True |
| What is the name for nonmetallic minerals that are valued for their beauty and rarity rather than their usefulness? | Gemstones |
| A repeating pattern of atoms, ions or molecules in a mineral is called a ___________ structure. | Crystalline |
| In addition to silicon and oxygen, silicate minerals usually contain what? | Other elements |
| Halides and oxides are classes of? | Nonsilicate minerals |
| Which mineral is most resistant to scratching, thus the hardest on the Moh's Hardness Scale? | Diamond |
| Besides air and water, what can change the color of a mineral? | Impurities |
| Find the misfit: Nonmetallic, Supermetallic, Submetallic, Metallic | Supermetallic |
| On what type of surface does a fracture happen? | Curved |
| What is the softest mineral on the Moh's scale? | Talc |
| What is the color of a mineral in powdered form called? | Streak |
| A ____________ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, that has a definite crystalline structure. | Mineral |
| A mineral (ex. copper) is a mineral that is composed of only one element. | Native element |
| Calcite and fluorite glow under UV light, this special property is? | Fluoresence |
| Minerals such as gypsum and halite are left behind when ______ water evaporates. | Salt |
| Minerals that contain uranium and radium can be detected by using a? | Geiger Counter |
| True or False: More than 90% of the Earth's crust is made of silicate minerals. | True |
| One of the more common silicate minerals is ________, which is the main component of most rocks on Earth. | Feldspar |
| The way a mineral breaks is determined by the arrangement of its __________. | Atoms |
| When you say that an object is shiny or dull, you are describing its? | Luster |
| The tendency of some minerals to break along smooth, flat surfaces is _______. | Cleavage |
| Gold is an example of a(n) ____________ because it is omposed of only one type of atom. | Element |
| A materials _________ is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. | Density |
| The special property that causes some minerals to glow is called? | Fluorescence |
| Returning the land to way it was before mining is called _________. | Reclamation |
| What is this true of? D=m/v | Density |
| Minerals that good conductors of heat and electricity are __________ minerals. | Metallic |
| Open pits and quarries are types of __________ mines. | Surface |
| A solid whose atoms, ions or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern. | Crystal |
| A mineral that does NOT contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. | Nonsilicate |
| A substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. | Element |
| A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. | Compound |
| The appearance of a mineral that can vary according to the impurities in that mineral as well as other factors. | Color |
| The splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces. | Cleavage |
| The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. | Density |
| A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching. | Hardness |
| Characteristics that are particular to only a few types of minerals. | Special Properties |
| The color of the powder of a mineral. | Streak |
| The way in which a mineral reflects life. | Luster |
| The breaking of a mineral along either curved or irregular surfaces. | Fracture |
| Tear-shaped bodies that form when magma moves upward. | Pegmatites |
| Environment in which groundwater works its way downward and is heated by magma and then reacts with minerals. | Hot-water Solutions |
| Minerals formed when surface and groundwater carry dissolved minerals into lakes and seas where they crystallize. | Limestones |
| Environment in which bodies of salt water dry up. | Evaporating Salt Water |
| Magma that moves upward and cools before it reaches the surface, forming crystals. | Pluton |
| Where minerals form when rocks are altered by changes in pressure, temperature or chemical make-up. | Metamorphic Rock |
| The process of returning land to its original condition after mining. | Reclamation |
| The removal of minerals that are located at or near the Earth's surface. | Surface Mining |
| The special property that causes some minerals to glow under UV light. | Fluorescence |
| The special property of some minerals that can be detected by a Geiger counter. | Radioactivity |
| The special property that some minerals show when they come in contact with acids. | Chemical Reaction |
| The special property of some minerals to attract iron. | Magnetism |
| The special property of calcite that causes a double image. | Optical Property |
| True or False: Nonmetallic minerals are used to make concrete and glass products. | True |
| True or False: Gypsum forms when a body of salt water evaporates. | True |
| ____________ forms from slowly cooled magma that solidifies into a pluton. | Gypsum |
| ____________ forms in metamorphic rock. | Garnet |
| ___________ forms in tear-shaped pegmatites in hot fluid. | Topaz |
| Gold and copper, for example. | Native Elements |
| ________ are used to make fireworks. | Sulfides |
| ________ are used to make toothpaste. | Sulfates |
| ________ are used to make batteries. | Carbonates |
Created by:
NickPW
Popular Earth Science sets