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Inheritance

QuestionAnswer
1.Genes are unique segments of an organism's DNA that produce a particular functional product.
2.traits Each functional product of a gene controls a particular aspect of life, and some of these aspects are visible to a careful observer as genetic traits.
3.genetics The study of how these genetic traits are inherited is called
4.genetic variation Within a population, there exists some level of genetic variation, or differences in traits among individuals.
5.alleles his genetic variation is caused by the presence of different alleles, or alternate forms of a particular gene
6.In diploid organisms like humans, each individual carries two copies of each gene
7.genotype The genetic makeup of an organism (set of alleles present) is referred to as its genotype,
8.phenotype. the visible traits that we can observe as a result of these alleles are its phenotype
9.dominant, recessive Different alleles for a particular gene locus can be dominant, recessive or intermediate
10.mask Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles, meaning that when a dominant and a recessive allele are both present, the dominant allele's phenotype trait is observed.
11.heterozygous This plant is heterozygous for the height allele, and has genotype (Tt).
12.rule of segregation The rule of segregation says that each allele present in a parent will be segregated away from the other during gamete (sex cell) formation, allowing one or the other allele to be inherited in an offspring but not both
13.homozygous A homozygous plant is one that has two copies of the same allele
14.Traditionally, a capital letter represents the dominant allele and a lowercase version of the same letter represents the recessive allele.
15.When organisms with known genotypes are crossed with one another, the pattern of inheritance can generally be predicted by Mendel's rules of inheritance.
16.rule of segregation The rule of segregation says that each allele present in a parent will be segregated away from the other during gamete (sex cell) formation, allowing one or the other allele to be inherited in an offspring but not both.
17.Punnet square. This can be demonstrated using a Punnet square.
18.test cross When the genotype of a parent is not known, a test cross can be performed.
19.rule of independent assortment Multiple gene loci can also be examined at one time, using the rule of independent assortment
20.mono hybrid crosses When only one trait is under study, mono hybrid crosses are performed to examine the genotypes.
21.dihydro cross When two traits are studied at the same time, a dihydro cross can be performed.
22.incompletely dominant Some gene loci have alleles that produce intermediate traits. If one allele is incompletely dominant over the other, then a phenotype that is intermediate between the two allelic traits can be observed.
23.Co dominance Co dominance is an alternate form of intermediate trait.
24.multiple alleles In addition, some gene loci may have multiple alleles, or more than two different alleles present in varying amounts in a given population
25.pedigree The creation of a pedigree, or a phenotype family tree, helps in the study of gene expression and heredity in humans.
Created by: Rodney77
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