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Midterm Hacker
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| classification | division of organisms into groups based on specific characteristics |
| taxonomy | the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms |
| Archaebacteria | a kingdom made up of bacteria that live in extreme environments |
| Eubacteria | a kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria |
| protista | kingdom of mostly one celled eukaryotic organisms that are different form plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi |
| fungi | a kingdom made up of non green eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surrounding and absorbing the nutrients around them |
| plantae | kingdom made up of cmplex, multicelular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls, made of cellulose, can't move, and uses the sun's energy to make sugar by the process of photosythesis |
| animalia | kingdom of complex, multi celled organisms, that lack in cell walls, can usually move, and can quickly respond to its environment |
| cell | smallest unit that can perform all live processes; covered by membran and have DNA and cytoplsam |
| stimulus | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism |
| homeostasis | maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from 2 parents unite, producing offspring with traits of both parents |
| asexual reproduction | does not involve union of sex cells and in which the parent produces offspring identical to itself |
| heredity | passing of genetic trats from parents to offspring |
| metabolism | sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| producer | organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| consumer | organism that eats another organism or organic matter |
| decomposers | gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| proteins | molecule made up of amino acids that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate the processes of the body |
| carbohydrate | class of energy giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | biochemical that does not dissolve in water |
| phospholipid | contains phosphorus and is a structural component in cell membranes |
| ATP | molecule that acts as the main energy soruce for all cell processes |
| nucleic acid | molecule made of subunits called nucleotides |
| cell | smallest unit that can perform all life processes |
| cell membrane | phospholipid layer that covers the cell's suface |
| organelle | a small body in a cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function |
| nucleus | in eukaryotic cell, a membrane boundorganelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism |
| prokaryote | organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus |
| eukaryote | organism made up of cells with a nucleus covered by a membrane |
| cell wall | rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides suppor for a cell |
| ribosome | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein |
| endoplasmic reticulum | system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and the production of lipids |
| mitochondrion | in a eukaryotic cell, the cell organelle that is surrounded by 2 membranes, and is the sight of cellular respiration |
| golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transproted out of the cell |
| visicle | small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| lyosome | cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| tissue | a group of cells that performs a common function |
| organ | collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| organism | a living thing |
| structure | arrangement of parts in an organism |
| diffusion | movement of particles from regions from higher density of particle to lower density of particles |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a semipermiable membrane |
| passive transport | movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | process when a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it into a visicle to bring it into a cell |
| exocytosis | process when cell releases a particle by enclosing it in a vesicle that moves to the membrane and fuses wit it |
| photosynthesis | process when plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight and co2 and water to make food |
| cellular respiration | process when cells use oxygen to make energy from food |
| fermentation | breakdown of food in a cell without the use of oxygen |
| cell cycle | life cycle of a cell |
| chromosome | one of the structures in the nucleus made up of DNA and protein; main strand of DNA |
| homologous chromosome | chromosome with the same sequence of genes and structure |
| mitosis | process of cell division that form 2 nuclei; each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| cytokenisis | division of cytoplasm in a cell |
| photosythesis equation | 6(CO2)+6(H2O)+light energy= C6H12O6 (glucose) C6H12O6+6(O2) is realeased |
| cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6+6(O2) -> 6(CO2)+6(H2O)+ATP |
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Shields97
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