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Hacker Mid-Term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | the smallest unit that can perform life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| Stimulus is? | Anything that couses a reaction or change in an equation or any part of an organism |
| What is homeostasis | the maintainence of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| What is sexual reproduction | reproduction in which two cells from the two parents unite producing offspring that shares traits with both parents |
| asexual reproduction is? | Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces and offspring |
| What is heredity? | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| What is a metabolism | The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| What is a producer? | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| What is a consumer? | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| What is a decomposer? | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| What is a protien? | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| What is a carbohydrate? | a class of energygiving nutrients that includes sugars,starches,and fiber; contains carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen |
| What is a lipid? | a type of byomedical chemical that does not dissolve in water,exifats and lipids |
| What is a phospholipid? | A lipid containing a phoshourous |
| What is nucleic acid? | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| What is ATP? | a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell process: Adenosine Triposhate |
| What is a cell membrane? | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface |
| What is an organalle? | one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| What is a nucleus? | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth,metabolism,and reproduction |
| What is a prokaryote? | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus |
| What is a Eukaryote? | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus |
| What is a cell wall? | a ridgid structue that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| What are ribosomes? | cell organalle composed of RNA and the protien; the site of protien synthesis |
| What is endoplasmic reticulum? | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and tha assists in the production,passing,and transport of protiens and in the production of lipids |
| What is a mitochondria? | in eukaryotic cells, the organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration |
| What is a Golgi Complex? | cell organalle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| What is a vesicle? | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| What are lysosomes? | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| What is tissue? | a group of cells that preform a common function |
| What is an organ? | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| What is an organ system? | a group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| What is an organism? | a living thing; anything that passes anything that can carryout life processes |
| What is a structure? | the arrangement of parts in an organism |
| What is a function? | the special,normal or proper activity of an organ or part |
| What is diffusion? | the movement of particles from rigions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water through a semi-permiable membrane |
| What is passive transport? | the movement of substances across a membrane without the use of energy |
| What is active transport? | the movement of water across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| What is photosynthesis? | the process by which plants,algae,and same bacteria use sunlight,carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| What is endocytosis? | the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| What is exocytosis? | the process in which a cell removes a particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| What is cell respiration? | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| What is fermentation? | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| What is the cell cycle? | the life cycle of a cell |
| What is a chromosome? | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that ate made up of DNA and protien;in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| What is homologous chromosomes? | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| What is mitosis? | in eukaryotic cells,a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| What is cytokenisis? | the division of the cytoplasm of the cell |
| What is hypotonic? | it contains a less concentration of impermiable solutes on tthe external side of the membrane |
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