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Walz Midterm Exam
Midterm review of science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is classification | the division of organims into groups or classes based on specific characteristics |
| what is taxonomy | the sience of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
| what is a dichotomous key | an aid that is used to identify organisms that consists of the answers to a series of paired questions |
| what is archaebacteria | a kingdom made up of bacteria that live in extreme enviroments |
| what is eubacteria | a kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria |
| what is protista | a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria and fungi |
| what is Fungi | a kingdom made up of nongreen,eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement,reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients |
| what is Plantae | A kingdom of complex multicellular organisms that are usually green have cell walls cannot move around and use the suns energy to make sugar by photsynthesis |
| what is Animalia | a kingdom made up of complex multicellular organisms that lack cell wallz can usually move around and respond quickly to their enviroment |
| what is bacteria | these are small single celled living things without nuclei |
| what is diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher denstiy to regions of lower density |
| what is osmosis | the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| what is active trasport | the movement of substances througha cell membrane with the use of cell energy |
| what is exocytosis | the process by which a cell gets rid of large particles |
| what is passive transport | the movement of substancs through a cell membrane without the use of energy |
| what is a vesicle | the sac formed around a large particle to allow the to take in or remove the particle |
| what is endocytosis | process by which a cell membrane surrounds and encloses large particle to bring it into the cell |
| what is cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
| what is a chromosome | container for DNA controls cells activities |
| what is the cell cycle | the life staGES OF a cell |
| what is mitosis | the process of chromosome separation |
| what are homologous chromosomes | pairs of similiar chromomsomes |
| what is a cell membrane | water moves through this in osmosis. |
| what is water | fluids in an organisms cells made mostly of this |
| what is archaebacteria | prokaryotes that include extremophiles organisma that live in extreme enviroments |
| what is a cell membrane | a protective layer that covers the cells surface and acts as a barrier |
| what is eubacteria | prokaryotes that are the smallest cells and that have ribosomes |
| what is a eukaryote | an organism made up of cells that hvae a nucleus enclosed by a membrane as well as membrane bound organelles |
| what is a nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell an organism that contains the cells DNA and that has the role of growth metabolism and reproduction |
| what is an organelle | small bodies in a cells cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions |
| what is a prokaryote | an organism that consists of a single-cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
| what are ribosomes | tiny round organelles made of protein and other material |
| what is surface area to volume ratio | the reason that most cells are limited to a very small size |
| what is cytoplasm | the fluid inside a cell |
| what is DNA | the genetic material in cells |
| what is the smallest unit that can perform all life processes | cell |
| what is homeostasis | the maintenance of a stable internal enviroment |
| what is heredity | the passing of traits from one generation to the next |
| what is metabolism | the total of all of the chemical activites that the organism performs |
| what is stimulus | a change that affects the activity of the organism |
| what is asexual reproduction | reproduction that doesnt involve the union of sex cells |
| what is sexual reporduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite |
| what is ATP | the major-energy-carrying molecule in the cell |
| what is a carbohydrate | molecule made of sugars |
| what is a lipid | an energy storing compound that cannot mix with water |
| what is a protein | a large moleculemade up of smaller molecues called amino acids |
| what is a phospholipd | a molecule that forms mcuh of the cell membrane |
| what is a consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| what is a producer | makes its own food |
| what is nucleic acid | molecule that is sometimes called the blueprint of life |
| what is a decomposer | organism that breaks down the remains of dead organisms or animal waste to get energy |
| what is an amino acid | small molecules that make up proteins |
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