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Lfe Science daniel b
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes |
| What is a stimulus? | anything that causes a reaction |
| What is homeostasis? | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| What is sexual reproduction? | when 2 sex cells from 2 parents unite, producing offspring with traits from both parents |
| What is asexual reproduction? | when one parent produces offspring identical to itself |
| What is heredity? | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| What is metabolism? | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| What is a producer? | an organism that can make its own food by using surrounding energy |
| What is a consumer? | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| What is a decomposer? | an orrganism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| What is protein? | a molecule that is made of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| What is a carbohydrate? | a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber and they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| What is the cell membrane? | a phospholipid layer that covers the cells surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and its environment |
| What is an organelle? | one of the small bodies in the cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| What is the nucleus? | ina eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction |
| What is a prokaryote? | an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus |
| What is a eukaryote? | an organism made of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane |
| What is a cell wall? | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| What is a ribosome? | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum? | a system of membranes that is found in the cytoplasm and assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins |
| What is the mitochondrion? | in eukaryotic cells, the organelle that is surrounded by 2 membranes and is the site of cellular respiration |
| What is the Golgi complex? | organelle that makes and packages materials to be transproted out of the cell |
| What is a vesicle? | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryote |
| What is a lysosome? | organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| What is a tissue? | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| WHat is an organ? | collection of tissues that carry out a special function |
| What is an organ system? | a group of organs that perform body functions |
| What is an organism? | a living thing that can carry out life processes |
| What is structure? | the arrangement of parts in an organism |
| What is a function? | the special or normal activity of an organism |
| What is diffusion? | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to lower density |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| What is passive transport? | the movement of substances across the membrane w/o the use of energy |
| What is active transport? | the movement of substances across the membrane that requires the use of energy |
| What is endocytosis? | the process when the membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
| What is exocytosis? | the process when a cell releases a particle by enclosing it in a vesicle that moves to the cells surface and fuses with the membrane |
| What is photosynthesis? | the process when plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| What is cellular respiration? | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| What is fermentation? | the breakdown of food w/o oxygen |
| What is the cell cycle? | the life cycle of a cell |
| What is a chromosome? | in a eukaryote, one of the structure in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryote, the main ring of DNA |
| What is a homologous chromosome? | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| What is mitosis? | in a eukaryote, a process of cell division that forms 2 new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| What is cytokinesis? | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| What is a lipid? | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water |
| What is a phospholipid? | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in the membrane |
| What is ATP? | Adenosine TriPhosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes |
| How do organisms maintain stable internal conditions? | Humans shiver when they are cold and sweat when they are hot. Animals shift environments. |
| What are the 4 levels of organization of living things? | cel, tissue, organ, organ system |
| What are three advantages of being mulitcellular? | larger size, longer life, and specialization |
| State the 3 parts of the cell theory. | All organisms are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. All cells come from existing cells. |
Created by:
dblumel
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