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MidtermReview.MaryK.
Midterm review of Chapters 2-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest unit that can perform all life processes and are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm | cell |
| Anything that causes a reaction/change in an organism or any part of an organism | stimulus |
| The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment | homeostatis |
| Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents | sexual reproduction |
| Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself | asexual reproduction |
| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | heredity |
| The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism | metabolism |
| An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings | producer |
| An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients | decomposer |
| A molecule that is made of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body | protein |
| A class of energy giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber, and contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | carbohydrate |
| A type of biochemical that doesn't dissolve in water fats and steriods | lipids |
| Lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in the cell membranes | phospholipid |
| Adenosine TriPhosphate; a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes | ATP |
| A molecule made up of subnits called nucleotides | nucleic acid |
| A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment | cell membrane |
| One of the smallest bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function | organelle |
| In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction | nucleus |
| An organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus | prokaryote |
| An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and include animals, plants, and fungi but not archaebacteria or eubacteria | eukaryote |
| A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell | cell wall |
| A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis | ribosome |
| A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production processes and the transport of proteins and in the production of lipids | endoplasmic reticulum |
| In eukaryotic cells the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration | mitochondrion |
| A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell | golgi complex |
| A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell | vesicle |
| A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lysosome |
| A group of similiar cells that perform a common function | tissue |
| A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body | organ |
| A group of organs that work together to perform body functions | organ system |
| A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes individually | organism |
| The arrangement of parts in an organism | structure |
| Special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part | function |
| An organism that eats other organisms or organic material | consumer |
| The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density | diffusion |
| The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane | osmosis |
| The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by a cell | passive transport |
| The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the use of energy | active transport |
| The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | endocytosis |
| The process in which a cell releases a particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane | exocytosis |
| The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food | photosynthesis |
| The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | cellular respiration |
| The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen | fermentation |
| The life cycle of a cell | cell cycle |
| In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | chromosome |
| Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure | homologous chromosomes |
| In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which have the same number of chromosomes | mitosis |
| The division of the cytoplasm of the cell | cytokinesis |
| Equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H20 + LIGHT ENERGY -> C6H1206 + 6O2 |
| Equation for cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY(ATP) |
Created by:
mokiscoan
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