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Barrett's Mid-term
Science Mid-term study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. | Mineral |
| The continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material. | Rock cycle |
| The four processes that shape the Earth's surface. | Weathering, erosion, deposition, uplift |
| A principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly. | Catastrophism |
| An unstable, radioactive isotope. | Parent isotope |
| A stable isotope that is produced by radioactive decay. | Daughter isotope |
| The time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive sample to decay. | Half-life |
| The most basic concept used in relative dating. | Superposition |
| Places events or rocks in their chronologic sequence or older of occurence. | Relative dating |
| Places events or rocks at a specific time. | Absolute dating |
| An ideal arrangement of all the known FOSSILS and ROCK formations on Earth, arranged from oldest to youngest. | Geologic column |
| The history of the study of geology. | James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Stephen Gould, Edwin Colbert |
| This is a theory that says that processes that shape Earth occur in a "uniform" fashion. | Uniformitarianism |
| A subdivision of a geologic period. | Epoch |
| The death of every member fo a species. | Extinction |
| A unit of geologic time into which eras are divided. | Period |
| A unit of geologic time that includes two or more periods. | Era |
| The largest division of goelogic time. | Eon |
| A substance that can be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. | Element |
| A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. | Compound |
| A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern. | Crystal |
| A mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals. | Sillicate mineral |
| A mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen. | Nonsilicate mineral |
| The way in which a mineral reflects light. | Luster |
| The color of the powder of a mineral. | Streak |
| The splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces. | Cleavage |
| The manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces. | Fracture |
| A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching. | Hardness |
| The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. | Density |
| A natural material whose concentration of economically valuable materials is high enough for the material to be mined profitably. | Ore |
| The process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed. | Reclamation |
| A naturally ocurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter. | Rock |
| The process by which sediment is removed from its source. | Erosion |
| The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest. | Deposition |
| The chemical makeup of a rock. | Composition |
| The size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock. | Texture |
| Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth's surface. | Intrusive igneous rock |
| Rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the Earth's surface. | Extrusive igneous rock |
| Layers of rock. | Strata |
| The process in which sedimentary rock is arranged in layers. | Stratification |
| The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands. | Foliated |
| The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes in bands. | Nonfoliated |
| Formed when fragments called clasts are cemented together. | Clastic sedimentary rock |
| Forms when a mineral crystalizes out of a solution. | Chemical sedimentary rock |
| Forms from the remains of plants and animals that have cemented together. | Organic sedimentary rock |
| This is formed from the remains of sea animals that have cemented together. | Fossiliferous limestone |
| A type of organic sedimentary rock that is formed when plant material is buried beneath years of sediment. | Coal |
| The arrangement of sedimentary rock into layers. | Stratification |
| Rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition has changed. | Metamorphic rock |
| When a rock is heated by nearby magma. | Contact metamorphism |
| Intense pressure, when pieces of the Earth's crust collideswith each other. | Regional metamorphism |
| Minerals that form only in metamorphic rock at certain temperatures and pressures. | Index minerals |
| The scientific study of fossils. | Paleontology |
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Air Jordan23
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