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BIGBOBBY14TACOPOWERS
Studystack for science final in 7th grade at SRB by KR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which process can change rocks on Earth's surface? | Metamorphism |
| When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure, what does it change into? | Metamorphic Rock |
| Scientists classify rocks by | Composition and Texture |
| Magma can be formed by | Changes in Composition |
| What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly? | Coarse-Grained |
| What can form sediment? | Weathering |
| What are strata? | Layers in Sedimentary Rock |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils? | Organic |
| What kind of sedimentary rock is made from dissolved minerals? | Chemical |
| How did humans use rocks in the past? | To Make Tools, weapons, shelters |
| Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of | Cementation |
| What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? | Temperature and Pressure |
| Besides weathering anderosion, what other forces shape the Earth's features? | Deposition and Uplift |
| When magma cools quickly, what kind of texture does rock have? | Fine-Grained |
| What is the largest of all intrusive igneous rock formations? | Batholiths |
| Mud cracks from fine-grained sediments are exposed to the air and | Dry Out |
| a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure | mineral |
| a substance that cannot be separated or broken down by chemical means | element |
| a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds | compound |
| a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern | crystal |
| a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals | silicate mineral |
| a mineral that doesn't contain compounds of oxygen and silicon | nonsilicate mineral |
| the color of the powder of a mineral | streak |
| the splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces | cleavage |
| the manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces | fracture |
| the way in which a mineral reflects light | luster |
| a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching | hardness |
| the ration of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance | density |
| the process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed | reclamation |
| a natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably | ore |
| a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter | rock |
| the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes | rock cycle |
| the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another | erosion |
| the process in which material is laid down | deposition |
| the chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock | composition |
| the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock's grains | texture |
| rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth's surface | intrusive igneous rock |
| rock that forms as a result of a volcanic activity at or near the Earth's surface | extrusive igneous rock |
| layers of rock | strata |
| the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers | stratification |
| the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands | foliated |
| the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands | nonfoliated |
| a principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes | uniformitarianism |
| a principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly | catastrophism |
| the scientific study of fossils | paleontology |
| any method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than other events or objects | relative dating |
| a principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers haven't been disturbed | superposition |
| an arrangement of rocks layers in which the oldest rocks are at the bottom | geologic column |
| a break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time | unconformity |
| any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years | absolute dating |
| an atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different atomic mass) | isotope |
| the process in which a radioactive isotope tends to break down into a stable isotope of the same element or another element | radioactive decay |
| a method of determining the age of an object by estimating the relative percentages of a radioactive (parent) isotope and a stable (daughter) isotope | radiometric dating |
| the time needed for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay | half-life |
| the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes | fossil |
| a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement of an animal | trace fossil |
| a mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body | mold |
| a type of fossil that forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism | cast |
| a fossil that is found in the rock layers of only one geologic age and that's used to establish the age of the rock layers | index fossil |
| the standard method used to divide the Earth's long natural history into manageable parts | geologic time scale |
| the largest division of geologic time | eon |
| a unit of geologic time that includes two or more periods | era |
| a unit of geologic time into which eras are divided | period |
| a subdivision of a geologic period | epoch |
| the death of every member of a species | extinction |
| the only rocks that scientists have found from this eon are meteorites and rocks from the moon | Hadean Eon |
| the earliest known rocks on Earth formed during this eon | Archean Eon |
| the first organisms with well-developed cells appeared during this eon | Proterozoic Eon |
| the rock and fossil record mainly represents the ---- eon, which is the eon in which we live | Phanerozoic Eon |
| this era lasted from about 543 million to 248 million years ago; it is the first era well represented by fossils | Paleozoic Era |
| this era began about 248 million years ago; it is known as the "Age of the Reptiles" | Mesozoic Era |
| this era began about 65 million years ago; known as the "Age of the Mammals" | Cenozoic Era |
| Nonsilicate minerals | include native elements |
| During the rock cycle, what forms when magma cools? | igneous rock |
| What do scientists call the rock that's formed when magma cools below the Earth's surface? | Intrusive igneous rock |
| Besides clastic and chemical, what is the kind of sedimentary rock? | organic |
| Besides texture, how else are rocks classified? | by their composition |
| What do bends or folds in rocks show? | They have been deformed |
| What is one way that magma forms? | when rock is heated |
| What is it called when sediment is dropped and comes to rest? | deposition |
| Besides heat, what else causes a rock to undergo metamorphism? | pressure |
| What does lava flow out of on the Earth's surface? | fissures |
| What determines the composition of a rock? | minerals it is made of |
| The groupings silicate and nonsilicate are based on | chemical composition |
| A silicate mineral must contain | silicon and oxygen |
| In addition to reclamation, a good way to reduce the environmental effects of mining is to | recycle mineral products |
| The color of the powder that a mineral leaves on a piece of white, unglazed porcelain is called the mineral's | streak |
| What is a mineral deposit that's large and pure enough to be mined called? | ore |
| What kinds of mines are open pit and quarry mines? | surface mines |
| What is the name for nonmetallic minerals that're values for their beauty and rarity rather than their usefulness? | gemstones |
| Repeating pattern of ions, or molecules in a mineral is called | crystalline structure |
| In addition to silicon and oxygen, silicate minerals usually contain | other elements |
| Potentially harmful effects of mining can be reduced by | reclamation of the land |
| What mineral is the most resistant to scratching? | diamond |
| Besides air and water, what can change the color of a mineral? | impurities |
| Which of the following isn't a type of luster? | supermetallic |
| On what type of surface does a fracture happen? | curved |
| What's the softest mineral on the Mohs scale? | talc |
| What's the color of a mineral in powdered from called? | streak |
| A mineral must have a definite ---- structure | crystalline |
| A mineral that's composed of only one element is called a ---- | native element |
Created by:
bigtaco
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