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Vocab Ch. 15
Diagnostic Procedures and Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| assesment | means the evaluation or appraisal of a condition. |
| pulse(P) | is the number of times the heart beats each minute. |
| respiration rate(RR) | is recorded as the number of respirations each minute. |
| sphygmomanometer | is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. |
| stethoscope | is used to listen to sound within the body during the measurement of blood pressure. |
| auscultation | is listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body to determine the condition of the lungs pleura, heart, and abdomen. |
| bruit | is an abnormal sound or murmur heard in auscultation. |
| rhonchus | also known as WHEEZING, is an added sound with a musical pitch occurring during inspiration or expiration that results from a partially obstructed airway caused by inflammation, spasm of smooth muscles, or the presence of mucus in the airways. |
| stridor | is an abnormal, high-pitched, harsh or crowing sound heard during inspiration that results from a partial blockage of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea. |
| palpation | is an examination technique in which the examiners hand are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts. |
| percussion | is a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the finger or instrument. |
| opthalmoscope | is used to examine the interior of the eye. |
| PERRLA | means "pupils are equal, round, responsive, to light and accommodation. this is a diagnostic observation, and any abnormality might indicate a head injury or damage to the brain. |
| otoscope | is used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane. |
| speculum | is used to enlarge the opening of the canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior. |
| recumbent | may be used to describe any postion in which the patient is laying down either on the back, front, or side. |
| decubitus | also means the act of lying down or the position assumed in lying down. |
| decubitus | is used to describe the position of the patient when lying in a recumbent position. however, is most commonly used to describe a decubitus ulcer, which is also known as a BEDSORE. |
| prone postion | the recumbent patient is lying on the belly face down. |
| supine position | also known as HORIZONTAL RECUMBENT POSITION, the patient is lying on the back with the face up. |
| dorsal recumbent postion | the patient is supine(lying on the back) with the knees bent. |
| sims postion | the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back. |
| knee-chest postion | the patient is lying face down with the hips flexed(bent) so the knees and chest rest on the table. |
| lithotomy position | the patient is subine with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups. |
| trendelenburg postion | the patient is lying on the back with the pelvis hight=er than the head; the knees are slightly bent; and the legs are hanging off the end of the table. |
| profile | means tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multichannel laboratory tesing equipment. |
| phlebotomy | is the punture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood. |
| phlebotomist | is an individual trained and skilled in phlebotomy. |
| capillary puncture | is the technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test. |
| complete blood cell count(CBC) | is a series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions. |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) | also known as SED RATE, is a test based on the rate at which the red blood cells separate form the plasma and settle to the bottom of the container. |
| hematocrit test(HCT/Hct) | measures the percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a whole blood sample. |
| platelet count(PLC) | measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood. |
| hydraion | fluid level in the body. |
| polycythemia | excess red blood cells. |
| anemia | deficient red blood cells. |
| thrombocytopenia | an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets. |
| red blood cell(RBC)count | is a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood. |
| total hemoglobin(Hb) | measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood. |
| white blood cell(WBC)count | is a determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood. |
| white blood cell differential | determines what percentage of the total WBC count is composed of each of the five types of leukocyte. |
| agglutination testing | includes a variety of tests that involve the clumping together of cells or particles when mixed incompatible serum. |
| blood urea nitrogen | is the the amount of urea present in the blood. |
| lipid tests | also known as a LIPID PANEL, measure the amounts of taotal cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), and triglycerides in a blood sample. |
| prothrombin time | also known as PRO TIME, is a test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormal bleeding and to monitor anitcoagulant therapy. |
| serum enzyme tests | are used to measure the blood enzymes. |
| serum bilirubin test | measures how well red blood cells are being broken down. |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone assay | measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulatin hormone(TSH) that may indicate abnormal thyroid activity. |
| urinalysis | is the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements. |
| dipstick | used for routine urinalysis. |
| casts | are fibrous or protein materials, such as pus and fats, that are thrown off into the urine in kidney disease. |
| specific gravity | reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine. |
| acetone | which has a sweet fruity odor, is found in small quantities in normal urine and in larger amount in diabetic urine. |
| albuminuria | is the presence of the serum protein albumin in the urine and is a sign of impaired kidney function. |
| bacteriuria | is the presence of bacteria in the urine. |
| calciuria | is the presence of calcium in the urine. |
| creatinuria | is an increased concentration of creatine in the urine. |
| creatinine | a waste product of muscle metabolism, is normally removed by the kidneys. |
| glycosuria | is the presence of glucose in the urine and is most commonly caused by diabetes. |
| hematuria | is the presence of blood in the urine. |
| gross hematuria | the urine may look pink, brown, or bright red, and the presence of blood can be detected without magnification. |
| ketonuria | is the presence of ketones in the urine. |
| proteinuria | is an excess of serum protein in the urine and usually a sign of kidney disease. |
| pyuria | is the presence of pus in the urine. |
| urine culture and sensitivity | is an additional laboratory test to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection and to determine which antibiotic would be the most effective treatment. |
| endoscopy | is the visual examination of the interior of a body cavity. |
| endoscope | fiber optic instrument used in an endoscopy examination. |
| arthroscope | used to perform knee surgery. |
| abdominocentesis | is the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity. |
| amniocentesis | is a diagnostic test to evaluate fetal health. |
| cardiocentesis | also known as CARDIOPUNTURE, is the puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy. |
| pericardiocentesis | is the drawing of fluid form the pericardial sac. |
| thoracentesis | is the puncture of the chest wall to obtain fluid for diagnostic purposes, to drain pleural effusions, or to reexpand a collapsed lung. |
| x-rays | is invisible, has no odor, and cannot be felt. |
| radiographic contrast medium | is a substance used to make visible structures that are otherwise hard to see. |
| radiopaque contrast medium | such as barium sulfate, does not allow the x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film. |
| radiolucent contrast medium | such as air or nitrogen gas, does allow the x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film. |
| barium(Ba) | is a radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize the gestrointestinal(GI) system. |
| intravenous contrast medium | is injected into the vein to make visible the flow of blood through blood vessels and organs. |
| lymphanigiography | is the radiographic examination of the lymphatic vessels after the injection of a contrast medium. |
| radiologis | is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with x-rays and other forms of radiant energy. |
| radiology | also known as X-RAY/RADIOGRAPHY, is an image of hard-tissue internal structures is created by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation. |
| positioning | describes the body placement and the part of the body closest to the film. |
| projection | describes the path that the x-ray beam follows through the body from entrance to exit. |
| anteroposterior projection(AP) | has the patient positioned with the back parallel to it. |
| posteroanterior projection(PA) | has the patient positioned facing the film and parallel to it. |
| lateral projection(Lat) | also known as SIDE VIEW, has the patient positioned at right angles to the film. |
| oblique projection(Obli) | has the patient positioned so the body is slanted sideways to the film. |
| extraoral radiography | as used in dentistry, means that the film is placed outside of the mouth. |
| intraoral radiography | as used in dentistry, means that the film is placed within the mouth. |
| periapical radiographs | which show the entire tooth and some surrounding tissue, are used to detect abnormalities, such as an abcess, at the tip of the root. |
| bitewing radiographs | which show the crowns of teeth in both arches, are used primarily to detect decay(cavities) between the teeth. |
| computed tomography(CT) | also known as COMPUTED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY(CAT), used a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce muliple cross-sectional views of the body. |
| magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) | uses a combination of radio waves and strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body. |
| closed architecture MRI | also known as HIGHFIELD MRI, patients may be uncomfortable because of the noise generated by the machine and the feeling of being closed in. |
| open architecture MRI | the design of the equipment is less confining and more comfortable for some patients. |
| magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) | also known as MR ANGIO, shows veins and arteries without the injection of contrast material or dye. |
| fluoroscopy | is used to visualize body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen. |
| cineradiography | is the recording of images as they appear in motion on the fluorescent screen. |
| diagnostic ultrasound | also known as ULTRASONOGRAPHY, is imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of pulses of sound waves above the range of human hearing. |
| nuclear medicine | also known as RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING, is used for both diagnosis and treatment. |
| radiopharmcetuicals | is injected or inhaled into the body and taken up(absorbed) by a particular organ. |
| radionuclide tracer | also known as RADIOACTIVE TRACER, wich is specific to the body system being examined. |
| nuclear scan | also known as SCINTIGRAM, uses nuclear medicine technology to gather information about the structure and function of organs or systems that cannot be seen on conventional x-rays. |
| bone scan | the radionuclide tracer is injected into the bloodstream, and then the patient waits while the material travels through the body tissues. |
| thyroid scan | a radiopharmaceutical containing radioactive iodine is administered. |
| single photon emmision computed tomography(SPECT) | is a nuclear imaging technique in which pictures are taken by on to three gamma cameras after a radionuclide tracer has been injected into the blood. |
| gamma cameras | also known as DETECTORS, rotate around the patients body, collecting data and producing images on a variety of planes. |
| perfusion | is the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ. |
| positron emission tomography(PET) | combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas. |
| radioimmunoassay | also known as RADIOASSAY, is a laboratory technique ni which a radioactively labeled substance is mixed with a blood specimen. |
| assay | means to determine the amount of a particular substance in a mixture. |
| immunofluorescence | is a mehtod of tagging antibodies with a fluorescent dye to detect or localize antigen-antibody combinations. |
| pharmacology | is the study of the nature uses, and effects of drugs for medical purposes. |
| pharmacist | is a specialist who is licensed in formulation and dispensing medicine. |
| prescription(Rx) | is an order for medication, therapy, or a therapeutic device given(usually in writing) by an authorized perston to a person properly authorized to dispense or perform the order. |
| prescription drug | is a medication that may be dispensed only with a prescription from an appropriately licensed professional such as a physician or dentist. |
| over-the-counter drug(OTC) | is a medication that may be dispensed without a written prescription. |
| generic drug | is usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or trademark. |
| brand name | drug is sold under the name given the drug by the manufacturer. brand name is always spelled with a capital letter. |
| addiction | is compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or pratice to the degree that stopping causes severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions. |
| adverse drug reaction(ADR) | also known as a SIDE EFFECT/ADVERSE DRUG EVENT(ADE), is an undesirable drug response that accompanies the principal response for which the drug is taken. |
| compliance | is the patients consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other healthcare professional. |
| regimen | means directions or rules. |
| contraindication | is a factor in the patients condition that makes the use of a drug dangerous or ill advised. |
| drug interaction | occurs when the effect of one drug is modified(changed) when it is administered at the same time as another drug. |
| idiosyncratic reaction | is an unexpected reaction to a drug. |
| palliative | is a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it. |
| placebo | is a substance containing no active ingredients that is given for its suggestive effects. |
| potentiation | also known as SYNERGISM, is a drug interaction that occurs when the effect of one drug is potentiated(increased) by another druge. |
| inhalation administration | refers to vapor and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. |
| oral administration | refers to drugs taken by mouth to be absorbed from the stomach or small intestine. |
| enteric coating | is applied to some tablets or capsules to prevent the release and absorptio of their contents until they reach the small intestine. |
| percutaneous treatment | means to procedure performed through the skin. |
| rectal administration | is the insertion of medication in the rectum by use of either suppositories or liquid solutions. |
| sublingual administration | the medication is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissove slowly. once dissolved, the medication is quickly absorbed through the sublingual tissue directly into the bloodstream. |
| topical administration | refers to the durgs, such as lotions, ointments, and eyedrops, that are applied for local action. |
| transdermal delivery | is a method of applying a drug to unbroken skin via a patch worn on the patiens skin. |
| parenteral administration | is the administration of medication by injection through a HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. |
| intramuscular injection(IM) | is made directly into the muscle tissue. |
| subcutaneous injection(SC) | is made into the fatty layer just below the skin. |
| intravenous injection(IV) | is made directly into a vein. |
| intradermal injection(ID) | is made into the middle layers of the skin. |
Created by:
caprinag1994
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