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week2-4
Socialization and the Life Force Glossary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adult socialization | the process of learning new roles and expectations in adult life |
| age cohort | an aggregate group of people born during the same time period |
| age discrimination | different and unequal treatment of people based solely on their age |
| age prejudice | a negative attitude about an age group that is generalized to all people in that group |
| age stereotype | preconceived judgments about what different age groups are like |
| age stratification | the hierarchical ranking of age groups in society |
| Ageism | the institutionalized practice of age prejudice and discrimination |
| anticipatory socialization | the process of learning the expectations associated with a role one expects to enter in the future |
| cohort (birth cohort) | see age cohort |
| disengagement theory | theory predicting that as people age, they gradually withdraw from participation in society and are simultaneously relieved of responsibilities |
| Ego | the part of the self representing reason and common sense |
| game stage | the stage in childhood when children become capable of taking a multitude of roles at the same time |
| generalized other | the abstract composite of social roles and social expectations |
| Id | the part of the personality that includes various impulses and drives, including sexual passions and desires, biological urges, and human instincts |
| Identity | how one defines oneself |
| imitation stage | the stage in childhood when children copy the behavior of those around them |
| life course | the connection between people's personal attributes, the roles they occupy, the life events they experience, and the social and historical context of these events |
| looking glass self | the idea that people's conception of self arises through reflection about their relationship to others |
| object relations theory | a psychoanalytic theory of socialization positing that social relationships children experience early in life determine the development of their personality |
| Peers | those of similar status |
| play stage | the stage in childhood when children begin to take on the roles of significant people in their environment |
| psychoanalytic theory | a theory of socialization positing that the unconscious mind shapes human behavior |
| Resocialization | the process by which existing social roles are radically altered or replaced |
| rite of passage | ceremony or ritual that symbolizes the passage of an individual from one role to another |
| Role | the expected behavior associated with a given status in society |
| significant others | those with whom we have a close affiliation |
| social control | the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social exceptions |
| social learning theory | a theory of socialization positing that the formation of identity is a learned response to social stimuli |
| Socialization | the process through which people learn the expectations of society |
| socialization agents | those who pass on social expectations |
| superego | the dimension of the self representing the standards of society |
| taking the role of the other | the process of imagining oneself from the point of another person and judging from the viewpoint of that person |
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