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Week2-3
Society and Social Interaction Glossary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| achieved status | a status attained by effort |
| ascribed status | a status determined at birth |
| collective consciousness | the body of beliefs that are common to a community or society and that give people a sense of belonging |
| cyberspace interaction | interaction occurring when two or more persons share a virtual reality experience via communication and interaction with each other |
| division of labor | the systematic interrelation of different tasks that develops in complex societies |
| ethnomethodology | a technique for studying human interaction by deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy |
| gemeinschaft | German for community, a state characterized by a sense of common feeling among the members of a society, including strong personal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another; associated with rural life |
| gesellschaft | German for society, a form of social organization characterized by a high division of labor, less prominence of personal ties, the lack of a sense of community among the members, and the absence of a feeling of belonging; associated with urban life |
| group | a collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective awareness as "we" |
| impression management | a process by which people control how others perceive them |
| inner-directedness | a condition wherein the individual's behavior is guided by internal principles and morals |
| macroanalysis | analysis of the whole of society, how it is organized and how it changes |
| master status | some characteristic of a person that overrides all other features of the person's identity |
| mechanical solidarity | unity based on similarity, not difference, of roles |
| microanalysis | analysis of the smallest, most immediately visible parts of social life, such as people interacting |
| organic (contractual) solidarity | unity based on role differentiation, not similarity |
| other-directedness | a condition wherein the individual's behavior is guided by the behavior of others |
| paralinguistic communication | meaning in communication that is conveyed by pitch loudness, rhythm, emphasis, and frequency |
| preindustrial society | one that directly uses, modifies, and/or tills the land as a major means of survival |
| proxemic communication | meaning conveyed by the amount of space between interacting individuals |
| role | the expected behavior associated with a given status in society |
| role conflict | two or more roles associated with contradictory expectations |
| role modeling | limitation of the behavior of an admired other |
| role set | all roles occupied by a person at a given time |
| role strain | conflicting expectations within the same role |
| social institution | an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose |
| social interaction | behavior between two or more people that is given meaning |
| social organization | the order established in social groups |
| social structure | the patterns of social relationships and social institutions that comprise society |
| society | a system of social interaction that includes both culture and social organization |
| status | an established position in a social structure that carries with it a degree of prestige |
| status inconsistency | exists when the different statuses occupied by the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige |
| status set | the complete set of statuses occupied by a person at a given time |
| tradition-directedness | conformity to longstanding and time-honored norms and practices |
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