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Micro CH5 Tex

QuestionAnswer
Human cells are what type? Eukaryotic
What are four types of eukaryotes that attack us? HAPY: Helminth, Animal cells, Protozoa, Yeast (Fungus)
Why is fungus in the lungs so dangerous? Because drugs have difficulty differenting between yeast/fungus cells and pt. cells.
Why do broad-spectrum antibiotics create opportunistic infections? Because they kill the good bacteria living with the yeast.
What is synonymous with yeast? Fungus
What are two types of cell appendages? Cilia and flagella.
Name the features of a glycocalyx CAPR: Complex outer layer, Adherence, Protection, Reception of signals
Eukaryotic cell walls contain what three things? GMC: Glycoprotein, Chitin, Mixed glycans
What do the sterols in the cell membrane do? Create stability and rigidity
What are embedded in the cell membranes? Transport proteins
What are the SEVEN internal structures seen in eukaryotic cells? CCREGMN: Chloroplast, Cytoskeleton, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nucleus
Describe a cell nucleus. Membrane bound organelle with DNA, a nucleolus site for RNA synthesis, and histones for mitosis
What is very unique about the reproductive capabilities of perfect fungus? They can reproduce via mitosis AND meiosis!
What is the ER? (Rough or smooth) A transport mechanism within the cell to transport stuff from the nucleus to the cell membrane
What is the Golgi Apparatus The cell's UPS system
What are lysosomes? Toxic vesicles that destroy microbes with digestive enzymes
What are mitochondria? The site of energy generation (ATP)
What is unique about mitochondria They can reproduce themselves!
What are chloroplasts? Self-reproducing sites of photosynthesis
What are ribosomes? The protein producers present in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the RER
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? To anchor organelles, to provide cellular support, and to enable cell shape changes
What two types of cytoskelton are there? Microfilaments and microtubules.
Give two examples of fungus. Aspergillis and athlete's foot.
Where is fungus found in nature? Mushrooms.
Why is fungus industrially important? Fermentation.
Explain the difference between fungal spores and bacterial spores. Fungal spores are a part of fungus' normal lifecycle; bacterial spores are made when the org is threatened.
Hyphae are what? Stalks
Septae are what? Striated
In yeast, psudohyphia are what? Budding
Perfect fungus reproduce how? Sexually and asexually
Imperfect fungus reproduce how? Nonsexually
What is a clinically important example of a perfect yeast? Penicillum
What is the most common form of a yeast infection? Candida
What are the two types of Protista? Algae, Protozoa
How is Trichomoniasis diagnosis? In the office by wet mount.
What are the two important features of protozoa? Highly motile, asexual reproduction
Protozoa make what as a part of their normal lifecycle? Cysts
Protozoan cysts are what? Protective mechanism (to protect genetic material)
Name three medically important protozoa Amoeboid (brain infections), Flagellated (Giardia), Apicomplexan (Malaria)
What is protozoa/helminth BC2F? REPRODUCING!
Where does Chagas live? Armadillos and possums
Where does Amoebic Dysentary come from? Infected water
What are helminth's BC2F? They inherently have both sexes so they don't need "friends" to multiply!
What is the most common form of helminths Pinworms
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