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Micro CH4 Tex
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which class of organisms attack humans? | Prokaryotes |
| Which orgs live in extreme environments? | Archaea |
| Name four important prokaryotes. | Flagella, pilli, fimbriae, glycocalyx. |
| What substance are flagella composed of? | Protein |
| What is flagella's BC2F? | Movement, especially uphill. |
| What organism, specifically, is a flagella? | Proteus |
| What do spirochete look like? | Snakes |
| What is an example of a spirochete bacteria that only humans get | Syphilis |
| What are pilli and fimbriae mainly used for? | Attachment and mating (conjugation) |
| What do fimbriae look like? | Furry and smaller than flagella--they help in adhesion |
| Fimbriae are used to create what? | A biofilm |
| What is a biofilm? | A clump of orgs, not necessarily of the same species, that is easily created on non-living objects like IV catheters, etc. |
| Where is the worst biofilm found? | Artificial valves |
| Pilli are only for what? | Transferring DNA (conjugation), NOT reproduction. |
| Prokaryotes only multiply via ________. | Mitosis |
| Glycocalyx have what? | Capsules |
| What are the capsules of glycocalyx useful for? | Fooling human immune system to keep it from recognizing the object as foreign |
| Glycocalyx have a _____ that enables attachment to each other and other orgs? | Slime layer |
| Some drugs can fool glycocalyx into ______________ making them easier to _______. | Losing their capsule; kill. |
| Antibiotics can have difficulty killing an org with a slime layer. Why? | Because the antibiotics only kill the outside layer. |
| Gram negative organisms are more _________. | Toxic, difficult to kill. |
| Gram positive organisms are more _________. | Frequent |
| A gram positive cellwall has what three things? | A thick peptidoglycan (PG) layer, acidic polysaccharides, and teichoic/lipoteichoic acid. |
| A gram negative cellwall has what four things? | A thin PG layer, an outer membrane, a lipid polysaccharide, and porins. |
| Cells can start as Gram + or - and mutate by what? | Losing their cell wall |
| Some meds can make what disappear? What is this called? | Cell wall; L forms |
| What is the only bacteria with no cell wall? | Mycoplasmic bacteria (pneumonia) |
| Mycoplasmic bacteria look like what under microscope? | Chinese noodles |
| Prokaryotes have no ___________, but have these five structures. | Organelles; GACES: Genetic structures, Actin, cytoplasm, endospore, storage bodies. |
| The cytoplasm is the site for what? | Cell metabolism |
| The cell's genetic structures are: | DNA, RNA, ribosomes |
| Inclusion bodies allow cells to do what? | Store nutrients and to survive in nutrient-deficient environments. |
| What is actin? | A protein that serves as a cytoskeleton for some prokaryotes. |
| What is an endospore? | A dormant body formed as a result of nutrient depleted conditions--they don't reproduce. |
| What two major organisms make spores? | Bacillus and clostridium |
| What two things can you kill spores with? | Autoclave, sporicides |
| Cocci are what shape? | ROUND |
| Bacillus are what shape? | RODS |
| Diplococci means what? | TWO cocci |
| Tetracocci means what? | FOUR cocci |
| Streptococci means what? | A strip of cocci |
| Staphylococci means what? | A "bunch" of cocci (like grapes) |
| What are two examples of spirochete? | Lyme and syphillus |
| What is pleomorphism? | The shape can vary but they can stack on top of one another |
| What is phenotype? | The way it looks |
| What is an enzyme test? | A test to see if the medium changes color. Still phenotypical. |
| What is a good example of an intracellular parasite? | Malaria |
| What are gliding and fruiting bacteria related to ? | FUNGUS |
| What are plasmids? | Double stranded DNA that replicate independently of the cell chromosome, are transimissible to other bacteria. They contain "extra genes" |
| Aerobic bacteria need what? | O2 |
| Anerobic bacteria need what? | A lack of O2 |
| What is Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology? | The Encyclopedia of Microbiology |
Created by:
elizabethlaughlinlee
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