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impact of genomics

QuestionAnswer
Genome The total genetic composition of an organism
Genomics Molecular analysis of the entire genome of a species
Functional genomics Studies the interaction of the composition of the genome to produce traits of the organism
Proteomics Studies the interaction of all cellular proteins to produce the characteristics of the particular cell types and traits of complete organisms
Mapping Refers to the experimental process of determining the relative locations of genes or other segments of DNA along individual chromosomes
Cytogenetic mapping Relies on the localization of gene sequences within chromosomes that are viewed using a microscope
Linkage mapping Uses the frequency of recombination between different genes to determine their relative spacing and order along a chromosome
Physical mapping Uses DNA cloning techniques to determine the location of and distance between genes and other DNA regions in nucleotide base pairs
Genetic map A chart that describes the relative locations of genes and other DNA segments along a chromosome
Locus Refers to the site within a genetic map where a specific gene or other DNA segment is found
In Situ hybridization Widely used to cytogenetically map the location of genes and other DNA segments within large eukaryotic chromosomes; procedure is conducted on chromosomes that are being held in place-adhere to the surface
Fluorescence in situ hybridization DNA of a cloned gene is used as a probe to determine the location of the gene
Homology Similarities between genes in different species
Parasites Live off hosts to reduce host's fitness
Lateral gene transfer Movement of DNA from one species to another species; plasmids responsible for transfer, via transformation.
Transposable elements Segments of DNA that are capable of moving from one location to another, or transposing, in a genome. Are genomic parasites.
Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) Genes found in humans and eukaryotes similar to retroviruses.
Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats) Repeating units that are 1-5 bases long
Minisatellites (variable number tandem repeats) Repeating units that are 6-500 bases long
unequal crossover Misalignment of pair of chromosomes; matches bases in different repeated segments
DNA fingerprinting Any technique for identifying individuals based on unique features of their genomes.
gene family Genes that are similar in structure & function
gene duplication Extra copy of a gene added to the genome.
Pseudogene Member of gene family resembles a working gene but doesn't code for functional product due to early stop codons.
Created by: collinbouwman
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