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Oceans. Chapter 13
Oceanography- MU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The movement of CO2 that enters the ocean from the atmosphere through the water column to the sediment on the ocean floor by biological processes- photosynthesis, secretion of shells, feeding and dying | Biological Pump |
| The total mass of a defined organism or group of organisms in a particular community or in the ocean as a whole | Biomass |
| The living organisms that inhabit an ecosystem | Biotic Community |
| Marine organisms that are caught incidentally by fishers seeking commercial species | Bycatch |
| A process by which bacteria or archaea synthesize organic molecules from inorganic nutrients using chemical energy released from the bonds of a chemical compound (such as hydrogen sulfide) by oxidation | Chemosynthesis |
| A group of green pigments that make it possible for plants to carry on photosynthesis | Chlorophyll |
| The depth at which net photosynthesis becomes zero; below this depth photosynthetic organisms can no longer survive | Compensation Depth for Photosynthesis |
| A fishing net made of monofilament fishing line that catches organisms by entanglement | Driftnet |
| All the organisms in a biotic community and the abiotic environmental factors with which they interact | Ecosystem |
| The spectrum of radiant energy emitted from stars and ranging between cosmic rays with wavelengths of less than 10 to 11 centimeters (4 to 4.3 inches) and very long waves with wavelengths in excess of 100 kilometers (60 miles) | Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| A region of high productivity | Euphotic |
| The organized effort directed at regulating fishing activity with the goal of maintaining a long-term fishery | Fisheries Managements |
| The passage of energy materials from producers through a sequence of a herbivore and a number of carnivores | Food Chain |
| A group of interrelated food chains | Food Web |
| Exhibiting low levels of biological production, such as the centers of subtropical gyres | Oligotrophic |
| A situation that occurs when adult fish in a population are harvested faster than their natural rate of reproduction | Overfishing |
| The process by which plants and algae produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll, using light energy and releasing oxygen | Photosynthesis |
| Algal plankton; One of the most important communities of primary producers in the ocean | Phytoplankton |
| A plankton-extracting device that is cone shaped and typically of a silk material; it is towed through the water or lifted vertically to extract plankton down to a size of 50 micrometers (0.0002 inch) | Plankton nets |
| A light-colored disk-shaped device that is lowered into water in order to measure the water's ability to transmit light | Secchi Disk |
| The mass of fishery organisms present in an ecosystem at a given time | Standing Stock (crop) |
| The process by which deep, cold, nutrient-laden water is brought to the surface, usually by diverging equatorial currents or coastal currents that pull water away from a coast | Upwelling |
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leo7o9
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