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AP Focus 15
AP Bio Test 12/9/11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Domain animals (multicellular heterotrophs) belong to domain | Eukarya |
| The hierarchy of multicellular organization, work together to maintain homeostasis for a variety of conditions | Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Four main types of animal tissues | Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle |
| Forming the largest organ system of the body (the integumentary system) this tissue includes skin and its derivatives such as hair, claws, hooves, and skin glands | Epithelial |
| Binds and supports other tissues and includes cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and even blood | Connective |
| Neurons that receive and send signals from one region to another | Nervous |
| The most abundant tissue in most animals and has the ability to contract | Muscle |
| Basics to homeostatic maintenance | Receptor, integrator, effector, negative feedback, positive feedback |
| Monitors status and transmits this information | Receptor |
| Compares current status to optimum setpoint and triggers reaction if adjustments need to be made (usually the brain serves as this) | Integrator |
| Corrects the condition | Negative feedback |
| Production of a reaction inhibits an earlier reaction, also when a current status is acted upon until it returns to normal range | Negative feedback |
| Product of a reaction further enables an earlier reaction, also when an action promotes further action (ex. labor contractions or mating response) | Positive feedback |
| Two main types of termperature regulation | Ectotherms, endotherms |
| Body temperature is moderated by their surroundings | Ectotherms |
| These organisms benefitfrom a lower food demand, however they must move to proper temperature surroundings to warm up or cool their bodies and must often go into a dormant state or topor when conditions are unsuitable (hibernation, estivation) | Ectotherms |
| This group includes insects, fish, modern reptiles, and amphibians | Ectotherms |
| Body temperature is moderated internally | Endotherms |
| They expend most of their their food energy to generate body heat but don't have to relocate to adapt their body temperature and may be active through the winter or on continents such as Antarctica | Endotherms |
| Organisms may moderate their body temperature through these means | Evaporative cooling, metabolic warming, moderating blood flow |
| Sweating or panting | Moderative cooling |
| Vibrating wing muscles, shivering | Metabolic warming |
| Vasoconstriction (closing blood vessels) to prevent heat loss, ex. Cold fingers and toes to preserve core temperture or vasodialation (opening blood vessels) to release heat ex. Elephant sending blood to ears to cool off | Moderating blood flow |
Created by:
AliRutherford
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