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Bio189 chap29
Reproduction and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the creation of new individuals from existing ones? | Reproduction |
| Reproduction with genetic recombination | sexually |
| Reproduction without genetic modification | asexually |
| What is the name for when one parent produces genetically identical offspring? | Asexual Reproduction |
| What is the simplest type of asexual reproduction? | Binary Fission |
| Involves a single parent cell dividing into two genetically identical offspring cells | Binary Fission |
| Some multicellular animals reproduce similar to binary fission in which one organism splits into two or more individuals called what? | Fission |
| What is the breaking of a parent body into several pieces? | Fragmentation |
| What follows fragmentation, and is the regrowth of a whole animal from the pieces? | Regeneration |
| What is the splitting off of new individuals from existing ones? | Budding |
| Allows species to perpetuate itself even if its individual members are isolated from one another and it allows them to multiply quickly. | Asexual Reproduction |
| What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? | genetically uniform population |
| What involves the fusion of haploid gametes(sperm and egg), typically from two parents, to form a diploid offspring? | Sexual Reproduction |
| What increases the genetic variability among offspring? | Sexual Reproduction |
| can some animals reproduce sexually and asexually? | yea |
| What is the name for a species with both female and male reproductive systems? | Hermaphrodite |
| What plays an important role in sexual reproduction? | mechanics of fertilization |
| Many organisms use what type of fertilization where they release their gametes into the water to fertilize? | External |
| What is the name for sexual intercourse and is required for internal fertilization? | Copulation |
| What produces gametes? | Gonads |
| What stores and delivers the gametes? | Ducts |
| What are the site of gamete production in human females? | Ovaries |
| What three things do both sexes have in common? | Gonads, Ducts, and sexual structures |
| What contains follicles? | Ovaries |
| What produces estrogen and consists of a single egg cell surrounded by layers of cells that nourish and protect it? | Follicles |
| What is the process by which an egg cell is ejected from the follicle? | Ovulation |
| What is the name where the egg enters, and is a tube in which the cilia sweep the egg towards the uterus? | Oviduct |
| What is the actual site of pregnancy? | Uterus |
| What is the narrow neck at the bottom of the uterus, opens into the vagina, or birth canal? | Cervix |
| During copulation what serves as the repository for sperm? | The vagina |
| What contains erectile tissue? | Penis |
| Are male gonads, enclosed in a sac called scrotum and they produce sperm? | Testes |
| Several of what contribute to the formation of the fluid that carries, nourishes, and protects sperm? | glands |
| What consists of fluid and sperm? | Semen |
| When is sperm production optimized at? | temperatures below body temp |
| What is the production of gametes? | Gametogenesis |
| Human gametes are haploid cells that develop by what? | Meiosis |
| How many different forms of gametogensis are there? | two |
| What is the development of eggs within the ovaries? | Oogenesis |
| Primary oocyte is present when? | At birth |
| Only one mature what can be fertilized? | Gamete |
| What are the two forms of gametogensis? | Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis |
| What is the formation of sperm cells? | Spermatogenesis |
| What two reproductive cycles to females have? | Ovarion cycle and Menstrual Cycle |
| What cycle controls the growth and release of an egg? | ovarion cycle |
| What cycle prepares the uterus for possible implantation of an embryo? | Menstrual cycle |
| What synchronizes cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus? | Hormones |
| What are two issues of human reproductive health? | Contraception and transmission of disease |
| What is the deliberate prevention of pregnancy? | Contraception |
| How are STDs caused by bacteria, protozoans, and fungi cured? | drugs |
| What begins with fertilization, the union of sperm and egg to form a zygote? | Embryonic Development |
| What releases millions of sperm into the vagina but only a few hundred will survive the trip and only one will fertilize the egg? | Copulation |
| What is a jelly layer in all organisms? | zona Pellucida |
| What is the key to development in all organisms? | Each stage takes place in a highly organized fashion |
| What part of the sperm is the acrosome containing enzymes? | the tip of the head |
| Where on the sperm does it contain mitochondria? | The middle |
| Which part of the sperm is the nucleus containing chromosomes? | Middle of the head |
| What is the name of a series of rapid cell divisions that result in a multicellular ball? | Cleavage |
| In humans, cleavage continues as the embryo moves down the oviduct towards where? | Uterus |
| After how many days after fertilization does the embryo reach the uterus as a fluid filled hollow ball of about 100 cells? | six or seven days |
| What is the name of the fluid filled hollow ball of about 100 cells that reaches the uterus? | Blastocyst |
| The next stage of development that is a process that produces the three embryonic tissue layers. | Gastrulation |
| The process where one group of cells influences the development of an adjacent group of cells | induction |
| A process that kills selected cells (cell death) | Apoptosis |
| What is the carrying of developing young within the female reproductive tract? | pregnancy or gestation |
| How long is pregnancy/gestation from the last menstrual cycle in humans? | forty weeks |
| The early stages of human development begin with what? | Fertilization and cleavage |
| About how long after conception does the embryo which has become a blastocyst, implant itself in the uterine wall? | one week |
| The outer cell wall, the trophoblast, becomes part of what? | The placenta |
| What are the four structures that assist the developing embryo? | Amnion, Yolk, Allantois, and chorion |
| A fluid filled sac that encloses and protects the embryo | Amnion |
| A sac which produces the embryo's first blood and gamete-forming cells | Yolk |
| Forms part of the umbilican cord | Allantois |
| Becomes part of the placenta | Chorion |
| Pregnancy is divided into how many trimesters? | three |
| When does the fetus look like a mini human being? | end of first trimester |
| When does the main development happen to the fetus? | During second and third trimester |
| At birth a typical baby is how long and weighs how much? | 50cm (20in) and weighs 2.7-4.5kg (6-10lbs) |
| Estrogen, oxytocin, and prostaglandins are all involved in what? | Hormones that induce labor |
| How many stages of labor are there? | Three |
| What is the inability to have children after 1 year? | Infertility |
| What is infertility almost always due to? | the underproduction of sperm or impotence in men |
| What do they use to help infertility? | technologies and pharmaceuticals |
| What begins with surgical removal of eggs and the collection of sperm to fertilize in a petri dish? | In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) |
Created by:
paige883
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