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8th grade sci-final
Grace D. Ch. 2, 3, and 4 review for final on Dec 13th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the major energy-carrying molecule in the cell? | ATP |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | the cell |
| The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment | homeostasis |
| chemicals, gravity, light, sounds, hunger | stimuli |
| An organism that eats other organisms or organic matter | consumer |
| What does DNA do? | It controls the structure and function of cells. |
| Most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require _________. | water |
| A class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | carbohydrate |
| A molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides that store information | nucleic acid |
| What is a complex carbohydrate manufactured by plants? | starch |
| The subunits of proteins are _______. | amino acids |
| What are the basic needs of most living things? | food, water, air, and a place to live |
| What is one characteristic that all living things share? | Their cells have DNA. |
| The passing of traits from parent to offspring is ___________. | heredity |
| the total of all of the chemical activities that an organism performs | metabolism |
| an organism that makes its own food | producer |
| an energy-storing compound that cannot mix with water | lipid |
| What is an example of a simple carbohydrate? | table sugar |
| molecule that forms much of the cell membrane | phospholipid |
| What six characteristics do all living things have in common? | All living things have one or more cells, respond to change, reproduce sexually or asexually, have DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), use energy, and grow and develop. |
| What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth is a change in size and development is a change in form. |
| What are the benefits of being multicellular? | larger size, longer life, and specialized cells |
| The lifespan of a multicellular organism is ______________________. | not limited to the life of a single cell |
| A group of cells with the same function make up _________. | a tissue |
| In what kind of tissue does photosynthesis take place? | ground tissue |
| The functions of an organism's parts are related to the parts' _________. | structures |
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? | 1. All organisms are made up of cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things 3. All cells come from existing cells |
| Most cells are very small because ___________. | their volume is limited by how large their surface area is. |
| What part of the cell keeps the cell from collapsing? | the cytoskeleton |
| Ribosomes, the organells that make proteins, are found on the membranes of the _____________. | endoplasmic reticulum |
| What cell parts carry materials between organelles such as the ER and the Golgi apparatus? | vesicles |
| How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? | Archaebacteria have different ribosomes. |
| Both archaebacteria and eubacteria have _______. | circular DNA |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | It packages and distributes proteins. |
| the fluid inside a cell | cytoplasm |
| small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions | organelles |
| cell with a nucleus | eukaryote |
| cell without a nucleus | prokaryote |
| in a eukaryotic cell, an organelle that contain's the cell's DNA and plays a role in growth, metabolism, and reproduction | nucleus |
| prokaryotes that are the smallest cells and that have ribosomes | eubacteria |
| prokaryotes that include extremophiles and live in extreme conditions | archaebacteria |
| What four things do all cells have? | cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material (DNA), and organelles |
| What are the four levels of organization in living things? | cell, tissue, organ, organ system |
| What is the role of the nucleolus? | It produces ribosomes that process proteins. |
| What four basic types of tissues do animals have? | nerve, muscle, connective, and protective |
| What three basic types of tissues do plants have? | transport, protective, and ground |
| Osmosis is important to cells because.... | cells are filled with fluids that are mostly made of water |
| the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | cellular respiration |
| One type of fermentation produces __________. | lactic acid |
| Organelles and chromosomes are copied during _____________. | the first stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle |
| particles travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration | diffusion |
| During what processes does the cell need to use energy? | endocytosis and exocytosis |
| During what processes does the cell not need to use energy? | diffusion and osmosis |
| When water diffuses into or out of a cell, it is called __________. | osmosis |
| Why does a plant need to produce glucose? | in order to obtain energy |
| Fermentation occurs when a cell can't get __________. | oxygen needed for cellular respiration |
| What do all organisms need to survive? | energy and raw materials |
| particles move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration | diffusion |
| particles move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration | active transport |
| Osmosis benefits plant cells by bringing in ___________. | water |
| When a human feels hungry, it is because his or her cells need ____________. | energy |
| Most complex organisms obtain energy through ____________. | cellular respiration |
| What gas is released during cellular respiration? | carbon dioxide |
| What type of cell contains the most DNA? | eukaryotic |
| the material that controls all cellular activities | DNA |
| pairs of similar chromosomes | homologous chromosomes |
| the life stages of a cell | cell cycle |
| the process of chromosome separation | mitosis |
| the division of cytoplasm | cytokinesis |
| container of DNA | chromosome |
| What does the copying of chromosomes prior to cell division ensure? | that each new cell will be an exact copy of the original cell |
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grace.d.33
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