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Final Review Hacker
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stimulus | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing enviornment |
| cell | the smallest unit thatfementation can perform all the life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself |
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| metabolsim | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| producer | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| carbohydrate | a class of energy giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes |
| cell | in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| organelle | one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle |
| prokarote | an orgnaism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucles |
| eukaryote | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, but not archaebacteria or eubacteria |
| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| ribosome | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| mitochondria | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is urrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration |
| golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| vesicle | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive systems |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specilized function of the body |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| organism | a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
| structure | the arrangement of parts in an organism |
| function | the special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semipermeadble membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of substance across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by whcih a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| cellular erspiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from blood |
| fementation | the breakdown of food witout the use oxygen |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell |
| chromosome | in eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein, in a eukaryoitc cell, the main ring of DNA |
| homlogous chromosome | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structur |
| mitosis | in ekayotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| When does the cell cycle begin | when the cell is formed |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Whcih of the following statements about all living things is true? | all the living things have one or more cells |
Created by:
redskins95
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