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Bio189 chap24
Animal Hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the body's main system for internal chemical regulation? | Endocrine System |
| Regulatory chemicals that affect specific sites in body | Hormones |
| What are hormones made by? | Endocrine glands |
| How do hormones travel? | body fluids distributed by the circulatory system |
| Hormones trigger a response in what cells? | Target cells |
| How many general mechanisms do hormones trigger changes in target cells? | Two |
| What type of hormones bring changes without ever entering the target cells? | hydrophilic |
| What are the two general mechanisms that hormones trigger target cells? | hydrophilic and hydrophobic |
| What type of hormones triggers changes by binding to receptors inside the cell? | Hydrophobic |
| In what system are there specialized cells, tissues, and glands? | Endocrine |
| What don't glands have? | Ducts |
| What releases hormones into the bloodstream? | Glands |
| Where do the hormones go after they are released into the bloodstream from the glands? | They go into the circulatory system to target cells |
| What is the main control system of the Endocrine system? | Hypothalamus |
| What is part of the brain and receives info from the nervous system and sends out appropriate responses? | Hypothalamus |
| What is located in the neck just under the larynx? | Thyroid gland |
| What produces several hormones involved in controlling oxygen consumption, metabolism, and development? | Thyroid gland |
| What produces Calcitonin? | Thyroid gland |
| What helps to regulate the calcium levels in the blood? | Calcitonin |
| What is a condition in which there is too little thyroid hormone in the blood? | Hypothyroidism |
| What can result from dietary deficiencies of iodine or from a defective thyroid gland? | Hypothyroidism |
| What is the condition in which there is too much thyroid hormone in the blood? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What condition causes Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disease? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What are four disk shaped glands embedded within the thyroid? | Parathyroid glands |
| Which glands produce hormones that also control calcium homeostasis? | Parathyroid glands |
| What two things have opposite effects that control calcium levels in the blood and are said to be antagonistic? | Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| What receives signals directly from the hypothalamus and consists of two parts, posterior and anterior lobe? | Pituitary gland |
| Which pituitary lobe stores and secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus? | Posterior |
| Where is the Antidiuretic hormone that directs the activity of the kidneys made in? | Posterior pituitary |
| Which pituitary lobe synthesizes its own hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and Prolactin, and secretes them directly into the blood. | Anterior pituitary |
| Which pituitary lobe also secretes growth hormone, which can have a broad effect on the body? | Anterior pituitary lobe |
| Growth hormones target what? | bone cells and muscle cells |
| What is the name for excessive growth hormone in childhood? | Gigantism |
| What is the name for excess growth hormone in adulthood which causes large and/feet? | Acromegaly |
| What is the name for too little growth hormone? | Dwarfism |
| What produces two hormones that play important roles in managing the body's energy supplies? | Pancreas |
| What helps maintain a homeostatic balance of blood glucose and stored glucose and are antagonists? | Insulin and Glucagon |
| Control of blood glucose and stored glucose is carried out by what kind of feedback? | negative feedback |
| Which type of diabetes is when the production of insulin is absent or defective? | Type 1 |
| Which type of diabetes is too little insulin or cells respond poorly? | Type 2 |
| Fatigue, Extreme hunger or thirst, mood swings, and tingling in the extremities are symptoms of what? | Diabetes |
| The human body has two adrenal glands located right above where? | each kidney |
| What two glands does each adrenal gland have? | adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex |
| What is the name of the middle of the gland that the adrenal gland has? | adrenal medulla |
| The hormones produced by the adrenal glands enable the body to respond to what? | stress |
| sudden stressful stimuli, whether positive or negative, activate nerve cells in the hypothalamus that sends signals to stimulate the what? | medulla |
| What are the fight or flight hormones that the medulla secretes? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| The adrenal cortex is stimulated by what? | hypothalamus |
| Which adrenal gland secretes hormones that provide a slower, longer lasting response to stress knows as corticosteroids? | adrenal cortex |
| Which adrenal gland secretes hormones that ensures a short term response to stress? | medulla |
| The gonads secrete what kind of hormones? | sex |
| What are the three categories of sex hormones? | Androgens, Estrogens, and Progestins |
| Females have what type of sex hormone? | Estrogen |
| What hormones are primarily involved in preparing the uterus to support a developing embryo? | Progestins |
| Which hormones stimulate the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system? | Androgens |
| Hormone production by the gonads is regulated by what? | hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
| Ovary and testes are what? | Gonads |
| Levels of hormones rise during what? | Puberty |
| Gonadotropins are produced by what? | pituitary |
| What coordinates the development of sperm and regulates the reproductive cycle in females and makes follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone? | Gonadotropins |
| When does Estrogen rise in fall in a female? | Rises during egg development and falls after ovulation |
Created by:
paige883
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