Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P - Chap 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sensory input, integration, motor output | receiving stimuli, what to do with it, response |
| sensory, afferent or efferent? | AFFERENT |
| motor, afferent or efferent? | EFFERENT = EXIT |
| what part of the peripheral system is voluntary? | somatic |
| what part of peripheral system is involuntary? | autonomic |
| 2 divisions of autonomic | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| the 2 supporting cells ONLY in the peripheral system | Schwann cells, satellite cells |
| neuroglia or glial cells | supporting cells found in the CENTRAL nervous system |
| can glial cells reproduce? | YES |
| astrocytes (3 jobs) | cling to neurons & capillaries, connects the two, AND buffers K+ ions in environment, AND recycles neurotransmitters |
| microglia (thorny!) (1 job) | macrophage |
| ependymal cells (1) | line central cavities of brain and spinal cord, BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER |
| oligodendrocytes (1) | wrap CNS neurons in myelin sheaths |
| schwann cell (1) | wrap PNS neurons in myelin sheaths |
| satellite cells (1) | control chemical environment of PNS |
| another word for neuron cell body | PERIKARYON, or soma |
| clusters of cell body in CNS | nuclei |
| clusters of cell body in PNS | ganglia |
| bundles of neuron processes in CNS | tracts |
| bundles of neuron processes in PNS | nerves |
| nerve impulse = action or graded potential? (LONG SIGNAL) | ACTION |
| dendrites-->cell body = action or graded potential? (SHORT SIGNAL) | GRADED |
| white matter contains ___ and are primarily ____ | myelin, FIBER TRACTS |
| gray matter contains? | nerve cell bodies, NOT MYELIN |
| 3 types of neurons | multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, |
| multipolar | typical neuron |
| bipolar | cell body in the middle |
| unipolar | cell body extends from middle |
| association/interneurons | lie between motor & sensory neurons, 99% of nervous system |
| potential energy = | voltage |
| flow of electrical charge | current |
| chemically gated ion channels open to what? | neurotransmitters |
| voltage-gated channels open to what? | change in membrane POTENTIAL=voltage |
| resting membrane potential | -70 mV, more negative on inside, POLARIZED |
| membrane at rest is 75% more permeable to what than what? | more permeable to K+ than Na+ |
| ATP driven sodium potassium pump ejects what and absorbs what? | ejects 3Na+, absorbs 2K+ |
| depolarization increases or decreases chance for nerve impulse? | INCREASES |
| hyperpolarization increases or decreases chance for nerve impulse? | DECREASES |
| graded potentials can only be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations? | YES |
| action potential is the | principal way neurons communicate |
| do action potentials decrease in strength over distance? | NO |
| action potential IN NEURONS is also called | nerve impulse |
| only what are capable of generating action potentials? | AXONS |
| local currents DEPOLARIZE axonal membrane and what rushes into voltage gated channels? | Na+ |
| depolarization reaches threshold and is then driven by what? | ionic currents created by Na+ influx |
| action potential is what kind of feedback? | POSITIVE FEEDBACK |
| the action potential passes 0 and becomes positive, so what stops entering the cell? | Na+ |
| when potassium rushes out of cell, the interior becomes less positive, and it goes back to resting level called | repolarization |
| K+ takes longer to leave cell so what occurs? | hyperpolarization |
| sodium potassium pump afterwards fixes what? | the amount of ions in and out of the cell |
| absolute refractory period | sodium gates are open and cannot respond to another stimulus. |
| relative refractory period | potassium gates open, CAN respond to another stimulus if it's greater than the threshold stimulus |
| saltatory conduction | action potentials only triggered at the nodes of ranvier |
| presynaptic, postsynaptic | information sender, receiver |
| electrical synapse | gap junctions that connect cytoplasm of adjacent neurons, ions flow quickly |
| chemical synapse | release and receive neurotransmitters |
| chemical synapses prevent what? | nerve impulses from being directly transmitter from one neuron to another |
| Ca+ is sucked into axon terminal and what is released? | synaptic vesicles |
| excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP) | depolarization |
| inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSP) | hyperpolarization |
| EPSP and IPSP are gated how? | CHEMICALLY |
| EPSP and IPSP are what kind of potential? | GRADED, LOCALIZED |
| EPSP function? | helps trigger an action potential distally |
| temporal summation | rapid fire from one neuron |
| spatial summation | simultaneous firing from multiple neurons |
| neurotransmitter in neuromuscular junctions | acetylcholine |
| biogenic amines contain what 2 groups? | catecholamines, indolamines |
| 3 types of catecholamines | dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
| 2 indolamines | seratonin, histamine |
| biogenic amines do what? | emotions, biological clock, autonomic nervous system |
| 3 types of amino acid neurotransmitters (all cells of body) | GABA, glutamate, glycine |
| 2 neuropeptides (opiates) | endorphins, enkephalins |
Created by:
ngrable
Popular Biology sets