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CMCBiologyTest3
12-5-11 DNA and RNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Parts of Nucleotide | Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base. |
| Sugar in DNA | Deoxyribose. |
| Nitrogen Base Pair 1 | Adenine and Thymine. |
| Nitrogen Base Pair 2 | Guanine and Cytosine. |
| What does the structure of DNA look like? | Double helix. |
| Who discovered the shape of DNA? | Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick. |
| What are purines? | Double carbon ring. |
| What are pyrimidines? | Single carbon ring. |
| How does DNA replicate? | Semi-conservatively. |
| How many strands are made? | Two. |
| What enzyme unzips the DNA strand? | Helicase. |
| What enzyme bonds DNA back together? | DNA polymerase. |
| DNA Replication Step 1 | Separation of Strands- the enzyme Helicase separates the DNA at the replication fork. |
| DNA Replication Step 2 | Base Pairing- free nucleotides pair up with the exposed strand. |
| DNA Replication Step 3 | Bonding of Bases- sugars and phosphate parts bond together with the help of the enzyme DNA polymerase. |
| DNA Characteristics | 2 strands, sugar is deoxyribose, nitrogen bases are A,T,C,G. |
| RNA Characteristics | 1 strand, sugar is ribose, nitrogen bases are A,U,G,C (uracil instead of thymine). |
| How many strands of RNA do you get from transcription? | One. |
| mRNA | Messenger- carries code from DNA. |
| tRNA | Transfer- moves Amino Acid to ribosome. |
| rRNA | Ribosomal- combines with proteins to make ribosome. |
| Transcription Step 1 | DNA unzips. RNA polymerase attaches to DNA and unzips it. |
| Transcription Step 2 | mRNA nucleotides attach to open strand. |
| Transcription Step 3 | mRNA strand leaves nucleusand travels to ribosome for translation. |
| What are proteins? | Long chains of amino acids. |
| What is a codon? | 3 nucleotides in a row. |
| What does a codon do? | Each codon codes for an amino acid. |
| How many combinations of codons are there? | 64. |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20. |
| What are the start codons? | AUG. |
| What are the stop codons? | UAA, UAG, UGA. |
| What is the purpose of tRNA? | tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes. |
| RNA Translation Step 1 | In the cytoplasm, mRNA strand attaches to ribosome. |
| RNA Translation Step 2 | Ribosome reads the mRNA based on the codons. |
| RNA Translation Step 3 | tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome. Ribosome matches an anticodon on tRNA to complementary codon to mRNA. Amino acid is locked in place by ribosome. |
| RNA Translation Step 4 | Ribosome moves to next codon and repeats procedure. Peptide bond attaches amino acids together. |
| RNA Translation Step 5 | Ribosome continues until it reaches the end of the mRNA strand. |
| What is a point mutation? | One nucleotide is changed in the sequence but it changes the whole sequence. |
| What is frameshift mutation? | Adding or deleting a nucleotide in the sequence. |
| What is deletion? | Removing part of a chromosome. |
| What is insertion? | Adding a part of a chromosome. |
| What is inversion? | Part of chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards. |
| What is translocation? | Part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome. |
| What is a mutagen? | Any agent that can cause a change in DNA. |
| Example of Mutagen | X-rays, UV rays, Nuclear rays, asbestos, cyanide, benzene, high temperatures, pesticides. |
| What proofreads DNA and corrects mistakes? | Enzymes. |
Created by:
UtauxIkuto
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