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Anatomy Chpt. 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 special senses? | Sight, Hearing, Equilibrium, Smell, and Taste. |
| What are the structures of the eye? | Eyelids, Conjunctiva, Extrinsic eye muscle, Lacrimal apparatus. |
| Eyelids | shields eye and secretes oily substance from the tarsal glands. |
| Conjunctiva | Membrane that covers front of eye and secretes mucus to lubricate eye. |
| Extrinsic Eye Muscle | Move eyes |
| Lacrimal Apparatus | Secretes saline solution and lysozyme (enzyme that kills bacteria) |
| 3 Tunics that make up side of the eyeball | Sclera, Vascular, Retina |
| Sclera (1 of 3 tunics) | outermost layer, and makes eye white |
| Vascular Tunic (1 of 3 tunics) | Middle layer, and has 3 parts:The choroid-back of the eye; Ciliary Body-muscles that attach to lens; Iris-contracts/expands to admit light through the pupil. |
| Retina (1 of 3 tunics) | Innermost layer-contains photoreceptors (rods and cones that respond to light) |
| The eyeball is filled with | Fluid |
| What are the two humors and where are they found? | Aqueous Humor (fluid is anterior to the lens) and Vitreous Humor (fluid is posterior to the lens) |
| What focuses the light | The lens of the eye |
| Distant light | Does not require the lens to bend |
| Closer light | Does require the lens to bend |
| Photoreceptors | Respond to light and send impulses to the brain for interpretation. |
| Cones | Interpret colors |
| Rods | Interpret greys and provide peripheral vision. |
| What travel along the optic nerve? | Impulses |
| Eye Reflexes | Photopupillary Reflex and Accommodation Pupillary Reflex. |
| Photopupillary Reflex | Iris contracts pupils to prevent damage to photoreceptors. |
| Accommodation Pupillary Reflex | Isis contracts pupil to view close objects (Allows more acute vision) |
| Chemoreceptors (Smell) | Are receptors for smell and taste (They respond to chemicals in solution) |
| Olfactory Receptors in the roof of nasal cavities detect? | Smells |
| Olfactory Hair (Cilia) on Olfactory Receptor cell are stimulated by? (Smell) | Chemicals dissolved in mucus. |
| Impulses travel along the olfactory filaments to the? (Smell) | Olfactory Nerve |
| Smell is closely tied to? (Smell) | The Limbic System (emotional part of the brain) |
| Olfactory receptors adapt to (Smell) | Unchanging stimuli (Why you don't smell your own B.O. |
| Tongue is covered in. | Small peg-like projections called Papillae. |
| What is along the side of the papillae (Tastes) | Taste Buds |
| What responds to chemicals in saliva? (Tastes) | Gustatory Cells |
| Gustatory Hairs (Cilia)do what? (Tastes) | Detect taste and send impulses to the brain on the facial glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. |
| What are the Taste Sensations? (5) | Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty, and Umami |
| Sweet | Responds to sugars (Hydroxl group OH-) |
| Sour | Responds to acids (Hydroxl group H+) |
| Bitter | Responds to alkoids |
| Salty | Responds to metal ions in solution |
| Umami | responds to glutamete (amino acids)-means delicious in Japanese. |
| What is taste influenced by? | Smell and texture of foods. |
| Structure of the Ear | Outer Ear, Middle Ear, Inner Ear |
| Outer Ear is made up of? | Pinna, External acoustic Meatus, Tympanic Membrane, and has Sound transmission. |
| Pinna | Shell of ear, funnels sound waves |
| External Acoustic Meatus | Canal sound waves travel through |
| Tympanic Membrae | Ear drum |
| Middler Ear is made up of | Ossicles, Pharyngotympanic tube, and Sound Transmission (only) |
| Ossicles | Transmit vibrations from eardrum to oval window. |
| Pharyngotympanic Tube | Equalizes pressure around the ear drum |
| Inner is composed of | Bony chambers in the temporal bone lined with membranes filled with perilymph fluid. |
| Chambers include: | Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular Canal |
| Hearing Receptors are located where? | In the membrane of the cochlea. |
| Cells in the Cochlea are stimulated by? | Sound waves. |
| Deafness | Is any degree of hearing loss |
| Conduction Deafness | Cannot transmit vibrations through external and middle ear |
| Sensorineural Deafness | Damage to the nervous system structures that deal with hearing |
| Symptoms of Equilibrium problems | Rolling eyes (involuntary), Nausea, Vertigo, Unable to stand straight. |
Created by:
Beth12
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