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Science Review 7,8,9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erosion | process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers. |
| Deposition | dropping of sediments that occurs when an agent of erosion, such as gravity, a glacier, wind, or water, losses its energy and can no longer carry its load. |
| Mass Movement | any type of erosion that occurs as gravity moves materials down-slope. |
| Glacier | large moving masses of ice and snow that change large areas of Earth’s surface through erosion and deposition. |
| Moraine | large ridge of rocks and soil deposited by a glacier when it stops moving forward. |
| Runoff | any rainwater that does not soak into the ground or evaporates but flows over Earth’s surface; generally flows into streams and has the ability to erode and carry sediments. |
| Drainage Basin | land area form which a river or stream collects runoff. |
| Meander | broad, c-shape curve in a river or stream, formed by erosion of its outer bank. |
| Groundwater | water that soaks into the ground and collects in pores and empty spaces and is an important source of drinking water. |
| Permeable | describes soil and rock with connecting pores through which water can flow. |
| Aquifer | layer of permeable rock that allows water to flow through. |
| Spring | forms when the water table meets Earth’s surface; often found on hillsides and used as a freshwater source. |
| Geyser | hot spring that erupts periodically and shoots water and steam into the air-- for example, Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. |
| Cave | underground opening that can form when acidic groundwater dissolves limestone. |
| Name 3 causes of erosion. | Three causes of erosion are gravity, wind, water, and glaciers. |
| What is the difference between erosion & deposition? | The difference between erosion and deposition is what they move, erosion wears away surface material and moves them from one place to another, while deposition leave sediments as they lose their energy. |
| What conditions are favorable for triggering mudflows? | Conditions favorable of triggering mudflows are areas with thick layers of loose sediments. After removed vegetation by fire, gravity, and also if you live on a hill and heavy rain falls. |
| What can be done to slow erosion on steep slopes? | To slow erosion on steep slopes plant vegetation, and trees with deep roots and fibrous grass roots. Drainage pipes or tiles in slopes. Also walls built form concrete or boulders. |
| Describe how glaciers form & move. | Glaciers form in regions where snow accumulates. It moves |
| How do glaciers cause erosion? | Glaciers cause erosion by passing over land, by doing that they change features on the surface. |
| What are the two type of glaciers and where are they found? | The two types of glaciers are Continental glaciers and Valley glaciers. Continental glaciers can be found near the poles of Antarctica and Greenland. Valley glaciers can be found in places with warmer global climate, example Africa. |
| What is an ice age? | An ice age is periods of widespread glaciation. |
| How long ago was the last ice age? | The last ice age happened about 18,000 years ago. |
| What shape are valleys that are eroded by glaciers? | Valleys eroded by glaciers create a bowl-shaped basin. |
| How is wind different from other erosional forces? | Wind erosion is different from other erosional forces because it cannot pick up sediments that are heavy. |
| What is one of the best ways to slow or stop wind erosion? Explain why. | The best ways to slow or stop wind erosion is by planting vegetation. With vegetation up the wind will hit the tree, causing its energy of motion to reduce. No longer being able to lift particles. |
| Name 4 factors that affect runoff. | 4 factors that affect the runoffs are the amount of rain, and the amount of time it takes to fall. Also the amount of steepness, or slope of the land, and vegetation. |
| Describe how a stream causes erosion. | The way a stream causes erosion is by picking sediments up from the bottom and sides of its channel while the water in the stream moves along. |
| Which drainage basin do we live in? | We live in the Mississippi River Drainage Basin. |
| What are 3 characteristics of a young stream? | 3 characteristics of a young stream is the swiftness on how it flows through a steep valley. They sometimes have white water rapids and waterfalls. It has a high level of energy and erodes the stream bottom faster than its sides. |
| What are some characteristics of a mature stream? | Some characteristics of a mature stream are that it flows smoothly through the valley. It erodes more on its sides developing curves. Also, at the bottom of a mature stream erosion is no longer concentrated. |
| What is a delta? | Sediments that is deposited as water empties into an ocean or lake forms a triangular, or fan-shaped deposit. |
| Why are the zone of saturation & the water table so important? | The zone of saturation and the water able is so important because many people use wells that have drilled into the zone of saturation to get their water, to drink. |
| What is a sinkhole and how does it form? | A sinkhole is a depression on the surface of the ground that forms when the roof of a cave collapses or when material near surface dissolves. Sinkholes form if an underground rock is dissolved near the surface. |
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moonocean
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