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Aquatic Eco Final P
Practice for Aquatic Ecosystems Exam at Fleming College
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Downstream movement of biota/organic matter in a stream | Drift |
| Horizontal structure Vertical structure Benthic/pelagic | Structure of marine ecosystem |
| Littoral zone Neritic zone Oceanic zone | Horizontal structure |
| Epipelagic zone Mesopelagic zone Bathypelagic zone Abyssal zone Hadal zone | Vertical structure |
| Epipelagic zone depth | From surface to 200 meters |
| Mesopelagic zone depth | 200 - 1000 meteres |
| Bathypelagic zone depth | 1000 - 4000 meters |
| Abyssal zone depth | 4000 - 6000 meters |
| Hadal zone depth | 6000 meters to bottom |
| 80 % of solar energy that reaches the surface of the ocean is absorbed in the first 10 meters Ocean appears blue in color due to absorbtion of red, yellow and green Most of the ocean is absent of light aka black save for bio luninescent organisms | Physical characteristics of the ocean |
| thermal stratification a permanent feature of tropical oceans Temperature oceans only stratify in summer and oceans at high latitudes have weakly developed thermoclines Surface temperature of ocean water vary somewhat with latitude and below 100 m depth | Physical characteristics - temperature |
| Ssurface and depth ocean currents - moderate climate - provide nutrients to surface water - stimulate photosynthesis promote genetic flow among populations | Physical water movements |
| Sinking of cold high density water at poles that move along ocean floor and moves to the surface via upwelling coastlines, sea mountains, rough waters | Deep water ocean currents |
| Salinity - amount of salt dissolved in water Open ocean - 34 - 36.5 kilograms of water Fringing seas - 7 - 40 ppt Relative proportions of major ions fairly constant across the ocean Varies with latitude | Chemical characteristics of the ocean salinity |
| Present in far lower concentrations than air Highest concentrations in surface water reaching an oxygen minimum at 1000 meters or less, then increasing again with depth | Chemical characteristics of the ocean - oxygen |
| Compressed biological and environmental gradients - variable area for ecological research Intertitle zone - area covered by waves at high tide and exposed to air at low tide Vertical zones - supratidal fringe ada splash zone | Marine shorelines - intertidal zones |
| Fringing reef - hug a shore line of a continent or island Barrier reef - some distance offshore stand between the open sea and a lagoon Coral atolls - coral islets built up from submerged oceanic islands, ring a lagoon | Coral reefs |
| Structure similar to a terrestrial forest (canopy, subcanopy and understory layers) Stems of giant kelp may extend from holdfasts on ocean floor to 25 m to the surface waters Kelp fronds house many epiphytic organisms | Kelp forests |
| Tides cause variability in exposure to light as well as increased turbidity Temperature is highly variable in these systems Vigourous mixing via tidal currents or river flow transport organisms, renew nutrients and oxygen and remove waste | Physical conditions of a salt marsh |
| wide fluxuations in salinity in estuaries, salt marshes and mangrove forests Stratification and establishment of salt wedge in estuaries Changes in density isolate surface and bottom waters | Chemical conditions, salt wedge estuaries |
| Oxygen concentrations are highly variable and may reach extreme low or extreme high levels Rich biological production and decomposition of OM can reduce oxygen levels and high rates of PS can increase oxygen levels | Chemical conditions - oxygen |
| a substance that is foreign to a natural system or present in unnaturally high concentration. | Contaminant |
| a substance that elicits an (adverse effect) | pollutant |
| Can be broken down by chemical reactions or natural processess into simple, non pollutant substances | Non-resistant contaminants |
| Remain in the aquatic environment for years Damage cause is irreversible or repairable only over decades or centuries | persistent contaminants |
| Esthetic appeal of water, can also negatively impact wild life | Physical pollution |
| The quantitative and qualitative study of the adverse or toxic effects of chemicals or other anthropogenic materials on ecosystems | Ecotoxicology |
Created by:
Karubin
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