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nurs 140 ch 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | hip socket |
| calcaneus | heel |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| cranium | skull |
| femur | thigh bone |
| fibula | smaller of the two lower leg bones |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| ilium | upper part of pelvic bone |
| ischium | posterior part of the pelvic bon |
| malleolus | ankle |
| mandible | lower jawbone |
| maxilla | upper jawbon |
| metacarpals | hand bones |
| metatarsals | midfoot bones |
| olecranon | elbow |
| patella | kneecap |
| phalanges | finger and toe bones |
| pubis | anterior part of the pelvic bone |
| radius | forearm bone - thumb side |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| sternum | breastbone |
| tarsals | hindfoot bones |
| tibia | shin bone-larger of the two lower leg bones |
| ulna | forearm bone - little finger side |
| vertebra | backbone/spine |
| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space |
| bone | dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. long bones, short bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones (patella) |
| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones |
| cancellous bone | spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone |
| cartilage | flexible, rubbery connective tissue. found in immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces |
| collagen | dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of the bone |
| condyle | knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint |
| cranial bones | skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, spheoid, and temporal |
| diaphysis | shaft, of mid-portion, of a long bone |
| disk (disc) | flat, round, plate-like structure. intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | each end of a long bone;; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| facial bones | bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| fissure | narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones |
| fontanelle | soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen | opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
| haversian canals | minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in a compact bone |
| malleolus | round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia |
| manubrium | upper portion of the sternuml articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle |
| mastoid process | round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta- means between) |
| olecranon | large process on the proximal end of the ulna; point of the flexed elbow |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| phosphorous | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| pubic symphysis | area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk |
| red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| ribs | twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs: 8-10. Floating ribs: 11-12 |
| sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sinus | hollow air cavity within a bone |
| styoid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| suture | immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium) |
| temporomandibular joint | conneciton on either sid of the head between the temporal bone of the skull ad mandibular bone of the jaw |
| trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone |
| trochanter | large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for tendons of the hip musculature |
| tubercle | rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| tuberosity | rounded process on bone; attachment site fr muscles and tendons |
| vertebra | individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal |
| xiphoid process | lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| calc/o, calci/o | calcium |
| kyph/o | humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region) |
| lamin/o | lamina (part of the vertebral arch) |
| lord/o | curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region) |
| lumb/o | loins, lower back |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent (lateral curvature) |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| -blast | embryonic or immature cell |
| -clast | to break |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -malacia | softening |
| -physis | to grow |
| -porosis | pore, passage |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| acetabul/o | acetabulum (hip socket) |
| calcane/o | calcaneus (heel) |
| carp/o | carpals (wrist bones) |
| clavicul/o | clavicle (collar bone) |
| cost/o | ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs) |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| femor/o | femur (thigh bone) |
| fibul/o | fibula (smaller lower leg bone) |
| humer/o | humerus (upper arm bone) |
| ili/o | ilium (upper part of pelvic bone) |
| ischi/o | ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone) |
| malleol/o | malleolus process on each side of the ankle |
| mandibul/o | mandible (lower jawbone) |
| maxill/o | maxilla (upper jawbone) |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals (hand bones) |
| metatars/o | metatarsals (foot bones) |
| olecran/o | olecranon (elbow) |
| patell/o | patella (kneecap) |
| pelv/i | pelvis (hipbone) |
| perone/o | fibula |
| phalang/o | phalanges (finger and/or toe bones) |
| pub/o | pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone) |
| radi/o | radius (forearm bone - thumb side) |
| scapul/o | scapula (shoulder blade) |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| tars/o | tarsals (bones of the hindfoot) |
| tibi/o | tibia (shin bone) |
| uln/o | ulna (forearm bone - little finger side) |
| Ewing sarcoma | rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children |
| exostasis | bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone |
| fracture | traumatic breaking of a bone |
| osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) | common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts |
| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadquate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weaking of bone |
| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus) |
| articular cartilage | smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint |
| articulation | any type of joint |
| bursa | sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another |
| ligament | connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint |
| suture joint | immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull |
| synovial cavity | space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane |
| synovial fluid | viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity. Synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white; this accounts for the origin of the term (syn- = like, ov/o = egg) |
| synovial joint | a freely movable joint |
| synovial membrane | tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid |
| tendon | connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| rheumat/o | watery flow |
| synov/o | synovial membrane |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| -desis | to bind, tie together |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| arthritis | inflammation of joints |
| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine |
| gouty arthritis (gout) | inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane |
| bunion | enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (carpal tunnel) |
| dislocation | displacement of a bone from its joint |
| ganglion | fluid-filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand |
| herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc) | abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves |
| Lyme disease (Lyme arthritis) | disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick |
| sprain | trauma to a joint without rupture |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs |
| striated muscle | voluntary or skeletal muscles |
| smooth muscle | involuntary or visceral muslces that move internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretory ducts leading from glands |
| cardiac muscle | striated in appearance but is like smooth muscle in its action, movement cannot be consciously controlled |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb |
| abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis (central point). Internal rotation is toward the midline and external rotation is away from the midline |
| dorsiflexion | decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward). This is the opposite movement of stepping on the gas pedal when driving a car |
| plantar flexion | motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal. Plant/o means sole of the foot |
| supination | as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm up. As applied to the foot, it is outward roll of the foot during normal motion |
| pronation | as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down. As applied to the foot, it is inward roll of the foot during normal motion |
| fascia | fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles |
| flexion | bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones |
| insertion of a muscle | connection of the muscle to a bone that moves |
| origin of a muscle | conneciton of the muscle to a stationary bone |
| skeletal muscle | muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle |
| fasci/o | fascia (forms sheath enveloping muscles) |
| fibr/o | fibrous connective tissue |
| leiomy/o | smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of the foot |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones |
| sarc/o | muscle and flesh |
| -asthenia | lack of strength |
| -trophy | development, nourishment |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| dorsi- | back |
| poly- | many, much |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system |
| polymyositis | chronic inflammatory myopathy |
| antinuclear antibody test (ANA) | detects an antibody pressent in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to teh bottom of a test tube |
| rheumatoid factor test (RF) | serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| serum calcium (Ca) | measurement of calcium level in serum |
| serum creatine kinase (CK) | measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum |
| uric acid test | measurement of uric acid in serum |
| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space |
| arthrography | taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint |
| arthroplasty | surgical repair or replacement of a joint |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera |
| bone density test (bone densitometry) | low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass |
| bone scan | uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone |
| diskography | x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar inervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk) |
| electromyography (EMG) | recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination |
Created by:
pammy7130
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