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Bio 9 chapter

QuestionAnswer
splitting of one cell into two; process of cellular reproduction cell division
two cells formed by cell divison daughter cell
molecule composed of deoxyribose nucleotides; contains the genetic info of all living cells DNA
phosphate group bonded to sugar, then bonded to nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) nucleotides
unit of heredity; segment of DNA on a particular part of a chromosome that encodes info for a specific trait gene
process where a cell becomes specialized in structure and function differentiate
sequence of events in life of a cell, from one cell division to the next cell cycle
undifferentiated cell that is capable of dividing and giving rise to one or more distinct types of differentiated cells stem cells
genetic info from two parent organisms is combined in the offspring; usually two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote sexual reproduction
haploid sex cell, usually sperm or egg, formed in sexually reproducing organisms gametes
doesent involve the fusion of haploid gametes asexual reproduction
process by which a single bacterium divides in half, producing two identical offspring binary fission
nucleotide that protect chromosome from damage during condensation, prevent end of one chromosome from attaching to another telomeres
region of a replicated chromosome at which the sister chromatids are held together untill they separate during cell divison centromere
cells ability to continue to divide itself self renewal
specific place or location locus/loci
two identical strands of DNA and protein that forms a duplicated chromosome; joined at centromere chromatids
preparation showing the number, sizes, and shapes of all the chromosomes within a cell karyotype
chromosome that is similar in appearance and genetic info to another chromosome with which it pairs during meiosis homologues
cell with pairs of homologous chromosomes diploid
cell with only one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes haploid
chromosome that occurs in homologous pairs in both males and females and that doesnt bear the genes determining sex autosomes
either of the pair of chromosomes that usually determines the sex of an organism; x and y chromosomes in mammals sex chromosomes
change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene; used to refer to a genetic change that is significant enough to alter the appearance or function of organism mutations
stage in cell cycle in which chromosomes are duplicated and other cell functions occur, such as growth, movement, and acquisition of nutrients interphase
meiosis followed by cytokinesis meiotic cell division
type of cell reproduction that leads to the formation of gametes meiosis
first stage of mitosis; spindle begins to form, nuclear envelope breaks apart and the spindle microtubules invade the nuclear region phrophase
organized in a spindle shape that separate chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis spindle microtubules
in animal cells, a short ring consisting nine microtubule triplets; found near the nucleus and organizes the spindle centrioles
in mitosis, the stage that the chromosomes, attached to spindle fibers at kinetochore, are lined up along the equator of the cell metaphase
in mitosis, the stage in which the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate from one another and are moved to opposite poles of the cell anaphase
in mitosis and both divisons of meiosis, final stage in which the spindle fibers usually disappear, nuclear envelopes reform, and cytokinesis occurs telophase
in plant cell division, a series of vesicles that fuse to form the new plasma membranes and cell wall separating the daughter cells cell plate
type of nuclear division, used by eukaryotic cells, in which one copy of each chromosome moves into each of two daughter nuclei mitosis
mitosis followed by cytokinieses mitotic cell division
division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells during cell divion; occurs during telophase of mitosis cytokinesis
Created by: apeters9
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