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Endocrine
K-9 Fel
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic units of the endrocrine system: | Endocrine glands |
| Endocrine system messengers that travel trough the blood stream: | Hormone |
| The system that prohibits the production and release of hormone: | Negative feedback system |
| Hormones from the ___ gland are carried to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate or inhibit pituitary hormones | Hypothalamus |
| What 2 hormone make up thyroid hormone? | *T-3:Triiodothyronine *T-4:Thyroxine |
| A deficiency in thyroid hormone: | Hypothyroidism |
| A excess of thyroid hormone: | Hyperthyroidism |
| The adrenal glands are associated with what organ? | Kidneys |
| The adrenal cortex produces hormones broke into these 3 groups: | *Glucocorticoid *mneralcorticoid *androgenic |
| A condition from excess glucocorticoid hormone: | Hyperadrenocorticism (cushings Dz) |
| A condition from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormone: | Hypoadrenocorticism (addisons Dz) |
| 2 hormones that are produced by pancrease that control the metabolism of glucose: | *Insulin *glucogon |
| A deficiency in insulin results in what Dz? | Diabetes mellitis |
| The gland that regulates blood calcium levels: | parathyroid |
| Negative feedback system is affected by direct stimulation of ______ | Nervous system |
| What is the most common endocrine deficiency in cats? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What is the most common endocrine deficiency in dogs? | Hypothyroidism |
| what sex/age is most predisposed to Hypothyroidism? | Femal dogs between 4-9yrs |
| How many thyroid and parathyroid glands are there? | *2 thyroid *4 parathyroid |
| Def: T3 | Triiodothyronine |
| Def:T4 | Thyroxine |
| Decrease in blood calcium: | Hypocalcemia |
| What is the primary hormone the thyroid gland produces? | Calcitonin |
| TSH is released from the____ gland | Pituitary |
| A blood sample may appear ____ in color in hypothyroid patients | Hyperlipemic |
| ____ is a decrease in T4 | Hypothyroid |
| ____ will cause increase calcium loss from bone | hypothyroidism |
| What 2 Anticonvulsants drugs can cause a decrease in T4? | Phenobarbitol and Diazapam |
| What breed naturally has low T4 levels? | Greyhound |
| What is the name of the thyroid hormone replacement supplement? | Name: L-thyroxine (soloxine) |
| What is the name of the medication used to treat Hyperthyroidism? | Name:Tapazole (methimazole) |
| What is the test name used to diagnose thyroid conditions? | Free T4 |
| ___ is a non cancerous gland and ____ is an invasive form of cancer | *adenoma *carcinoma |
| What hormone stimulates the parathyroid gland? | TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Normal range of PTH IN K-9/Fel: | K-9: 20pg/ml Fel: 17pg/ml |
| What is the normal blood calcium range? | 8-10ml/dl |
| ____ and ___ are a cause of decreased blood calcium | *Milk fever *Eclampsia |
| Vitamin D is normally activated where? | In the kidneys |
| ___ is the main function of the pancreas | Endocrine (digestive enzymes) |
| Endocrine functions- islet of langerhans: | *Alpha cells *beta cells *delta cells |
| Insulin: | Lowers blood glucose |
| Glucogon: | Raises blood glucose |
| Normal ranges for blood glucose: | K-9:60-120mg/dl Fel:70-150mg/dl |
| Type 1 diabetes is ____ on insulin | dependent |
| Type 2 diabetes is ___ on insulin | non dependent |
| Dogs are ___% type __ and felines are ___ % Type __ when it comes to diabetes | k-9:100% type 1 Fel:50-50 type 1 and 2 |
| ___ dogs are more likely affected with Diabetes mellitus and ____ Felines are more likely affected | *female *male |
| Hyperglycemia devolopes when BG reaches: | K-9:180-220mg/dl Fel:200-280mg/dl |
| ____ can be a result of glaucoma caused by diabetes | cataracts |
| what confirmation defect does diabetes cause in cats? | Plantar posture |
| Insulin normally inhibits: | Lipolysis and gluconeogenisis |
| What will you typically see in a UA with uncontrolled diabetic patients? | Glucose + ketones |
| The kidney start releasing ___ when BG reaches 200mg/dl | ketones |
| Fast acting insulin used for emergencies: | Humulin R |
| Intermediate acting insulin for twice daily home use: | Humulin N |
| Long acting for at home use: | PZI (Idexx) |
| oral hypoglycemic for k-9 and Fel: | k-9:Acarbose Fel:Glipizide |
| Tumor of beta cell- excretes excess insulin: | Insulinoma |
| Decreased BG and Increased Insulin are indicative of: | Insulinoma |
| What is the quickest way to administer sugar substances to increase blood sugar at home? | On the MM or sublingual |
| Inability to process nutrients due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes: | EPI: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency |
| EPI is not usually evident until ___% of the pancreas is damaged | 85-90% |
| What test is used to detect EPI? | TLI: Trypsin-like immunoreactivity |
| Alpha cells release: | Glucogon |
| Beta cells release: | insulin |
| Delta cells release: | somaton |
| Zona Glomerulosa releases: | mineralocorticoid |
| Zona faciculata releases: | Glucocorticoids |
| Zona Reticularis release: | androgens |
| Adrenal medulla releases: | Norepinephrine |
| what are the 2 main causes for cushings Dz? | *adrenal pituitary lesions (85%) *adrenal tumor 15-20% |
| What sex/age are more predisposed to cushing's Dz? | Female dogs >6yrs |
| What are the 2 diagnostic tests for Cushing's? | *ACTH Stimulation test *Low Dexmethasone suppression test |
| Hypothalumus releases: | *CRF: Corticotropin releasing factor |
| Anterior pituitary gland releases: | ACTH:Adrenocorticotropin Hormone |
| Andrenal cortex releases: | Glucocorticoids |
| Process of hormone stimulation from Hypothalumus: | Hypothalumus stimulates>> Anterior pituitary-stimulates>> Adenal cortex |
| Sex Hormone: | Androgen |
| Bodies natural steroid hormones: | mineralcorticoids |
| result of Over medication with glucocorticoids: | Iatrogenic |
Created by:
brit_2112
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