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Micro Lab - Fungi
Micro Lab Practical 4 - Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mycology | the study of fungi |
| Mycosis | disease caused by fungal infection |
| Steps of mycosis infection | fungi kills cells first, then obtain nutrients as saprophytes |
| Fungal infection classifications | superficial, subcutaneous, systemic |
| Mycotoxicosis | disease caused by toxin produced by fungus |
| Saprophytes | decomposers; obtain nutrients by decomposing dead and decaying matter; fungi obtain their nutrients this way |
| Fungi reproduction classifications | asexual or sexual |
| Asexual reproduction | occurs by elongation of hyphae, budding, or asexual spore production |
| Asexual spores | specialized cells that are dispersed and germinate in a favorable environments to produce new fungus; products of mitosis; ex. sporangiospores, condidiospores |
| Sexual fungi reproduction | occurs by producing sexual spores which form following sexual fusion of gametes (similar to sperm and eggs) to form a diploid cell; ex. zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores |
| 2 forms of fungi | yeast or mold; descriptive items, not taxonomic; same species can be both a yeast and mold |
| Dimorphic fungi | fungi species that is both a yeast and mold |
| Anamorphic | species of fungi that is EITHER a yeast or mold; cannot be both |
| Pathogenic dimorphic fungi | molds outside of host and yeasts inside the host; poses problem to humans because single cells are more readily spread in bloodstream, leading to systemic infections |
| What causes dimorphic fungi to switch? | high body temperature, high nutrient concentrations, decreased oxygen |
| Yeasts | nonfilamentous, unicellular, reproduce asexually by spore productions. Some used to prepare wine, bread, cheese, beer; some are pathogenic, some have plasmids used in recombinant DNA research |
| Molds | multicellular, filaments called hyphae |
| Mycelium | mass of mold hyphae |
| Zygomycota | conjugation of fungi; joining and fusing of plus and minus hyphae; forms zygospore |
| Zygospores | result of joining and fusion of a plus and minus hyphae; group is often called conjugation fungi; will germinate to produce a sporangium that produces many asexual spores (sporangiospores) |
| Rhizopus nigricans | “black bread mold,” develops on stale bread; forms sporangia which hold sporangiospores |
| Rhizopus nigricans mycosis | causes type of pneumonia only in immunocompromised |
| Ascomycota | sac fungi; ascospores (sexual spores) develop within sacs called asci |
| Saccharomyces cerevisia | baker’s yeast; nonpathogenic; used to make beer, bread, wine, “cervesa” means beer in Spanish; alcoholic fermentation |
| Penicillium | nonpathogenic, asexual condidiospores form long chains on branching condidiophores creating brush-like structure that looks like a broom |
| Aspergillus flavus | among most ubuiquitous fungi; grown on plant materials; mycosis farmer’s lung disease, pulmonary disease of animals/humans; mycelia masses large enough to be seen on xray; Infection secondary to TB, immunodeficiency, steroid therapy; dandelion shape |
| Trichophyton & Microsporum (Ringworm) | not a worm! Fungal infection; tinea corporis, pedis, etc.; transmission via skin-to-skin contact w/ infected people, pets, or indirectly via clippers, hair, showers |
| Histoplasma capsulatum; Histoplasmosis or Mississippi Valley Fever | endemic disease in Mississippi Valley area; transmission via inhalation of bird/bat droppings; dimorphic fungus; condidiospores inhaled phagocytized, travel throughout body in macrophages. |
| Candida albicans | fungi; part of our normal flora; opportunistic; becomes problem when defenses are weakened or balance of microbes upset; causes vaginal, cutaneous, and intestinal yeast infections; thrush in mouth; can become systemic |
| Pneumocystis carinii | fungi; can cause pneumonia (PCP); normal flora of respiratory system; transmission via droplets; common in AIDS patients (major killer) |
| Claviceps purpurea; ergot toxin | fungus infects flowers of ye when young; produces ergot toxin which causes mycotoxicosis; death can occur if ingested; Ergot poisoning tied to Salem witch trials |
| Stachybotrys chartarum (Stachy) | fungi; greenish-black, slimy mold found on cellulose products (wood, paper); mycotoxin symptoms coughing, sneezing, wheezing, skin rash, diarrhea |
| Basidiomycota (Club Fungi) | many form basidiocarps (mushrooms, puffballs, shelflike bodies); some molds, a few are yeasts |
| Amanita muscaria (Shrooms) | red hemispherical cap dotted with white; poisonous mushroom; toxin mycotoxicosis digestive problems, hallucinogen |
| Cryptococcus | can cause meningitis; encapsulated yeast cells; transmitted via inhalation of contaminated dust from bird droppings; found in 8% of AIDS patients |
Created by:
michellerogers
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