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Pharm14
nonopioid analgesics: Salicylates and Nonsalicylates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nursing role in providing pain relief | take pain seriously, understand before and after pain level,teach 0-10 scale, fifth vital sign |
| Salicyclic acid actions | analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects |
| Antipyretic | through vasodilation |
| Analgesic | inhibits prostaglandin production which decreases sensitivity of pain receptors |
| Anti-inflammatory | inhibits prostaglandins and antiinflammatory effect |
| Aspirin | better at both inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects |
| Aspirin | especially prolongs bleeding time by inhibiting platelet aggregation |
| Aspirin | decreases risk of myocardial infarction; reduces risk of transient ischemic attacks in men |
| Salicylates: Actions and Uses | same as aspirin for mild to moderate pain; and helps maintain pregnancy in special at-risk populations |
| GI reactions to Salicylates | gastric upset; heartburn; nausea; vomiting; anorexia; GI bleeding; allergy; significant blood loss |
| salicylates hypersensitiviy reactions | hives, rash, angioedema, bronchospasm,anaphylactoid reactions |
| salicylate contraindications | allergy; bleeding disorders; pts using anticoafulant or antineoplastic drugs; children with chickenpox, influenza (Reye's syndrome) |
| salicylate precautions | With hepatic and/or renal disease; during pregnancy and lactation; pre-existing hypoprothrombinemia and vitamin K deficiency; GI irritation; peptic ulcer; mild diabetes or gout (acetaminophen can cause false low blood glucose values) |
| Actions of nonsalicylates (acetaminophen) | Analgesic and antipyretic activity: Same as salicylates; No anti-inflammatory action; Does not inhibit platelet aggregation |
| nonsalicylates Uses | Used to treat mild to moderate pain; reduce elevated body temperature; manage pain and discomfort of arthritic disorders |
| nonsalicylate useful for people with | With aspirin allergy; with bleeding disorders or receiving anticoagulant therapy; who had recent minor surgical procedures |
| Nonsalicylates: Adverse Reactions | Skin eruptions; urticaria; hemolytic anemia; pancytopenia; hypoglycemia; jaundice; hepatotoxicity; hepatic failure |
| Nonsalicylates: Adverse Reactions | Overdose: Causes acute acetaminophen; poisoning or toxicity Nausea, vomitting; Confusion; Liver tenderness; Hypotension; Arrhythmias; Jaundice, acute hepatic and renal failure |
| Nonsalicylates: Contraindications | Contraindication in patients with Hypersensitivity |
| nonsalicylates precautions | Use cautiously in patients who are habitual alcohol users; With severe or recurrent pain or high or continued fever (may indicate serious illness); during pregnancy and lactation |
Created by:
laotracuata
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