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Microbio Lecture 22
Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fungi are | eukaryotic, spore-bearing, heterotrophic saprobes |
| positive roles of fungi | enviro decomposers, industrial apps, scientific research |
| negative roles of fungi | causes disease |
| two types of fungi | molds (filamentous) and yeast (unicellular) |
| molds | hyphae --> mycelium |
| molds are | coenocytic |
| two types of coenocytic hyphae | septate and nonseptate |
| 5 groups of fungi | chytridiomycota, glomeromycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota |
| chytridiomycota | chytrids: group of aquatic fungi with flagellated spores |
| glomerulomycota | mutualistic, live on plant roots |
| zygomycota | coenocytic hyphae. septate only during reproduction (asexual) |
| example of zygomycota | Rhizopus stolonifer |
| ascomycota | sac (ascus) reproductive structure. septate hyphae in mycelium. asexual reproduction. |
| example of ascomycota | truffles, scarlet cups, morels |
| basidiomycota | basidium reproductive structure. reproduce by hyphal fusion. |
| example of basidiomycota | 1) Agaricus campestris (common mushroom) 2) Amanita phalloides: phalloidin (liver toxin) and alpha-amanitin (targets GI tract) |
| 5 fungal diseases | systemic, cutaneous, subcutaneous, opportunistic, superficial |
| systemic | spores germinate in lungs then spread thru circ system |
| cutaneous | spores implanted in wounds |
| subcutaneous | infection of nails, hair and skin |
| superficial | infection of hair shaft or skin |
| opportunistic (examples) | candida albicans. oral thrush. |
| example of superficial | piedraia hortae |
| study of fungi | mycology |
| scientist studying fungi | mycologist |
| fungal disease | mycoses |
| valley fever | systemic mycoses |
| causative agent valley fever | coccidioides immitis |
| virulence vf | germination/hyphae formation --> septate mycelium --> spore --> dirt --> lungs --> spherule formation |
| another name for valley fever | coccidioidomycosis |
| symptoms vf | respiratory infection, flu, rash |
| diagostic test vf | coccidioidin skin test |
| Dermatophytoses | cutaneous/superficial mycoses |
| Dermatophytoses aka | tinea infections |
| athlete's foot | tinea pedis |
| ringworm of head | tinea capitis |
| ringworm of body | tinea corporis |
| jock itch | tinea cruris |
| ringworm of nails | tinea unguium |
| pathogenicity of dermatophytoses | produces keratinase to metabolize keratin as nutrient |
| dermatophytoses symptoms | itching, bad odor, rash, lesions with scaly ring and pus, hair loss, hair color change |
| dermatophytoses treatment | desiccation, change pH (undecyclenic acid), antifungals (miconazole, griseofulvin) |
| antifungals types | polyenes, azoles, griseofulvin |
| polyene | amphotericin B |
| polyene source | Streptomyces nodosus |
| polyene mechanism | binds ergosterol to make a channel in lipid bilayer and causes leaking |
| polyene use | treat systemic disease |
| polyene limitation | kidney toxicity |
| azoles | miconazole |
| azole mechanism | inhibits synthesis of ergosterol |
| azole use | topical treats cutaneous oral/IV treats systemic |
| azole limitation | liver damage, carcinogenic |
| griseofulvin mechanism | causes hyphae to shrivel; blocks microtubule assembly, interferes with mitosis, inhibits reproduction |
| source griseofulvin | Penicillium griseofulvin |
| griseofulvin use | treats superficial by binding to keratin |
Created by:
syeonie
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