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DNA 2011
DNA and DNA replication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNA | contains information needed to make proteins and characteristics of organisms |
| DNA | makes up genes in chromosomes |
| nucleotide | repeating subunits of DNA |
| part of nucleotide | deoxyribose |
| deoxyribose | 5 carbon sugar |
| adenine | nitrogen base |
| thymine | nitrogen base |
| guanine | nitrogen base |
| cytosine | nitrogen base |
| what bonds with adenine? | thymine |
| what bonds with guanine? | cytosine |
| What is the shape of DNA? | a twisted ladder or a double helix |
| What do repeating subunits of nucleotides make up? | DNA |
| Each nucleotide in a DNA strand is attracted to a ____________________ nucleotide | complementary |
| Complementary nucleotides are held together by a ________________ bond | hydrogen |
| What makes nucleotides different from each other? | there are 4 possible nitrogen bases that can be in a nucleotide |
| Rosalind Franklin | used xrays to show the shape of a DNA helix |
| Watson and Crick | concluded that DNA twisted into a double helix |
| Watson and Crick | predicted how DNA is copied |
| Step 1 of DNA replication | An enzyme breaks apart the hydrogen bonds btw. each side of the ladder. There are now two sides of the ladder exposed. |
| Step 2 of DNA replication | Free floating nucleotides pair up with complementary bases |
| Step 3 of DNA replication | A hydrogen bond forms btw. the complementary bonds in the nucleotides |
| Step 4 of the DNA replication | Two new complete strands of DNA are found. Each is made up of 1/2 new and 1/2 old. |
| What do proteins build? | cells, tissue and enzymes |
| Where are the instructions for making a specific protein coded? | in the DNA which makes up genes on a chromosome |
| What makes up proteins? | amino acids |
| What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic acid |
| What is the job of RNA? | contains the information or code for making proteins that it transfers from DNA |
| Where is RNA located? | in the cytoplasm |
| In RNA, thymine is replaced with the nitrogen base________________ | uracil |
| In RNA, the sugar is ____________ | ribose |
| What are the three types of RNA? | mRNA, tTRNA, rRNA |
| mRNA stands for: | messenger RNA |
| tRNA stands for: | transfer RNA |
| rRNA stands for: | ribosomal RNA |
| What is the 1st step is making proteins? | a single 1/2 strand of DNA is used to make all RNA types |
| What is the 2nd step in making proteins? | In the nucleus, RNA nitrogen bases pair up with complementary bases on 1/2 of a DNA strand |
| What is the 3rd step in making proteins? | RNA types leave the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm |
| What is the 4th step in making proteins? | In the cytoplasm, mRNA feeds through a ribosome (made of rRNA) |
| What is the 5th step in making proteins? | tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA. Amino acids attach to each other and tRNA releases them. tRNA leaves to pick up more amino acids. |
| What is the 6th step in making proteins? | proteins is made until a stop sequence is reached on the mRNA and the protein is released |
| What happens if a sequence of DNA bases is made in the wrong order? | the wrong type of RNA's will be made and the wrong protein will be made |
| part of a nucleotide | phosphate group |
| part of a nucleotide | nitrogen base |
Created by:
rfabish
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