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DHS Cells unit
DHS Cells Nat.5
| Definition | Word/Phrase |
|---|---|
| The basic unit of all living things. | Cells |
| Structure which controls the cells functions. | Nucleus |
| Structure which controls what enters and exits the cell. | Cell Membrane |
| The site of chemical reactions inside the cell. | Cytoplasm |
| Structure which contains chlorophyll to capture light energy for photosynthesis. | Chloroplasts |
| Structure which contains cell sap. | Vacuole |
| Structure which provides strength and support to plant cells. | Cell wall |
| The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | Diffusion |
| A plant cell that is hard and supportive. | Turgid |
| A plant cell that has lost water from its vacuole and so the contents of the cell have moved away from the cell wall. | Plasmolysed |
| The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. | Osmosis |
| The area of the enzyme that binds to its substrate. | Active site |
| The Enzyme which converts Starch to Maltose. | Amylase |
| Enzyme which converts Hydrogen Peroxide to Water and Oxygen. | Catalase |
| An enzyme that has had its active site irreversibly damaged by high temperatures or extreme pH. | Denatured |
| Enzyme which converts Glucose-1-phosphate into Starch. | Starch phosphorylase |
| A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed in the process. | Enzyme |
| The substance an enzyme reacts with. | Substrate |
| The substance/s formed by an enzyme reaction. | Product(s) |
| The word used to describe the property of an enzyme that only allows it to react with one substrate. | Specific |
| An enzyme reaction in which small molecules are used to build large molecules. | Synthesis |
| The conditions in which an enzyme will react best/ fastest. | Optimum |
| The chemical reaction used by cells to make energy, from glucose, when oxygen is present. | Aerobic Respiration |
| The word used to describe a soft unsupportive plant cell | Flaccid |
| Describes what happens to an animal cell that is placed in pure/distilled water. | The cell bursts. |
| Describes what happens to an animal cell which is placed in a concentrated salt solution. | The cell shrinks. |
| An enzyme reaction in which large molecules are broken down into small molecules. | Degradation |
| The term used to describe the difference in concentration between the solutions on the inside and on the outside of a cell. | Concentration gradient |
| The cell structures that are involved in making energy for the cell. | Mitochondria |
| The high energy molecule that is made by Respiration. | ATP |
| The ring of DNA found in bacterial cells. | Plasmid |
| The cell structure in the cytoplasm involved in protein synthesis. | Ribosomes |
| The chemical reaction used by cells to make energy, from glucose, when oxygen is not present. | Fermentation |
| This substance is found in the cell wall of plant cells but not in the cell walls of fungal or bacterial cells. | Cellulose |
| During Glycolysis, glucose is broken down into this substance. | Pyruvate |
| This number of ATP molecules are formed during the first stage of respiration. | 2 |
| This number of ATP molecules are formed during the second reaction of aerobic respiration. | A large number |
| This is the total number of ATP molecules formed during fermentation. | 2 |
| The first stage of aerobic and fermentation occurs in this part of the cell. | Cytoplasm |
| The second stage of aerobic respiration occurs in this part of the cell. | Mitochondrion/Mitochondria |
| During respiration energy is released by the breakdown of this molecule. | Glucose |
| This is the high energy molecule made by respiration. | ATP |
| The breakdown of glucose by aerobic respiration can only occur when this substance is available. | Oxygen |
| The breakdown of glucose by fermentation occurs when this substance is not available. | Oxygen |
| The products of the second reaction in aerobic respiration are...... | Carbon dioxide+Water+ ATP |
| In animals;the product of the second reaction in anaerobic respiration is...... | Lactate |
| In plants and yeast cells; the products of the second reaction in anaerobic respiration are...... | Alcohol(ethanol)+ Carbon dioxide |
| The substrate for the enzyme Amylase. | Starch |
| The product of the enzyme Amylase. | Maltose |
| The substrate for the enzyme Starch phosphorylase. | Glucose(-1-phosphate) |
| The product of the enzyme Starch phosphorylase. | Starch |
| This type of enzyme reaction is carried out by Amylase. | Degradation |
| This type of enzyme reaction is carried out by Starch phosphorylase. | Synthesis |
| The raw materials for photosynthesis are | Carbon dioxide and water |
| Photosynthesis takes place in this structure of a cell. | Chloroplast |
| The first reaction in photosynthesis is called..... | Light reaction |
| Light energy is absorbed by this substance. found in chloroplasts. | Chlorophyll |
| Light energy is used to split this molecule. | Water |
| In the Light reaction; when the water molecule is split this substances diffuses out of the cell. | Oxygen |
| In the Light reaction; light energy is converted into .............. energy. | Chemical |
| In the Light reaction; The chemical energy made is stored in this high energy molecule. | ATP |
| These 2 substances formed in the light reaction are used in the second reaction of photosynthesis. | Hydrogen and ATP |
| The second reaction in photosynthesis is called........ | Carbon fixation |
| This product is formed by the second reaction of photosynthesis. | Glucose |
| This type of protein is required for the photosynthesis reactions to occur. | Enzyme |
| Temperature is a limiting factor in photsynthesis as it effects the activity of these types of substances required for photosynthesis. | Enzymes |
| The limiting factors for photosynthesis are..... | Carbon dioxide concentration, Light intensity, Temperature |
| The term used to describe a substance that will decrease the rate of a chemical reaction whe they are in short supply. | Limiting factor |
| The process by which genes from an organism are transferred into the genetic information of another organism, of a different species | Genetic Engineering / Modification |
| The structure in a bacterial cell which is removed to be modified. | Plasmid |
| The substance are used in geentic engineering to cut open the plasmid, remove the gene from the source DNA | Enzyme |
| The process of cell division is also known by this term. | Mitosis |
| During the first stage of mitosis; the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves so that each chromosomes is made up of two structures called.... | Chromatids |
| Theses structures pull the chromatids apart. | Spindle fibres |
| Cell division is required by organisms for these 2 processes. | Growth and Repair |
| The process by which proteins are formed in a cell. | Protein Synthesis |
| The shape of DNA is decribed as a ...... | Double Helix |
| This molecule contains the genetic code for making proteins. | DNA |
| The structures in the DNA which carry the genetic code to make proteins are called....... | Bases |
| The base A alway pairs with the base...... | T |
| The base C alway pairs with the base...... | G |
| A short piece of DNA on a chromosome that carries the information to make a protein. | Gene |
| A complementary copy of DNA that carries the information to make a protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes. | mRNA |
| A and T and C and G form..... | Complimentary base pairs |
| The base A is.. | Adenine |
| The base T is.. | Thymine |
| The base C is.. | Cytosine |
| The base G is.. | Guanine |
| This type of protein is found in hair, nails ligaments, tendons etc | Structural |
| This type of protein is used to fight infections | Antibodies |
| This type of protein is a chemical messenger carried in the blood | Hormone |
| This type of protein is used to speed up chemical reactions | Enzyme |
| This type of protein is used in cell communication | Receptor |
| This type of protein is required for the respiration reactions to occur. | Enzyme |
| The cell membrane consists of these two substances. phospholipids and proteins and is selectively permeable. | Phospholipids and Proteins |
| The property of the cell membrane which means it only allows certain substances to travel through it. | Selectively Permeable |
| This type of transport occurs down a concentration gradient and requires no energy | Passive transport |
| This type of transport needs membrane proteins to move molecules and ions against the concentration gradient. | Active Transport |
| This term is used to describe the movement of water by passive transport. | Osmosis |
| This term is used to describe the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration. transport. | Diffusion |
| During protein synthesis proteins are made from these molecules | Amino acids |
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