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Bi117 digestive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distinguish between the organs of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs. | The alimentary canal is the entire system which food passes thru. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, Cecum, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus. Accessory organs to not have food pass thru them, but assist with digestion. Liver, gall bladder, |
| What is peristalsis? In what organs does peristalsis occur? | A wave like contraction of smooth muscle which propels food thru the digestive tract |
| Trace a particle of food through the alimentary canal. | All the organs involved in the alimentary digestive tract. Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, rectum, and I suppose the Anus. |
| Briefly describe the structure and function of the organs of the digestive system. | • Mouth – chew food • Pharynx- passage way for food and air • Esophagus- moves food from pharynx to stomach • Stomach- store mixes food, chemical digestion of protein by enzymes and acid regulates delivery to small intestines • Small intestine- dig |
| What cells secrete HCl into the stomach? What are the functions of HCl? | Converts Pepsinogen to Pepsin Destroys bacteria Deactivates Amalase |
| What is the function of the mucus secreted throughout the alimentary canal? | Lubrication of bolus of food, binding of bolus together, and ease of passage |
| Describe the components of saliva. List the functions of saliva. | 99.5% water - dissolves substances. Mucus - Binds food during chewing and swallowing. Salivary Amalase - Speeds digestion of starch and glycogen into maltose. Lysozyme - Kills certain bacteria. |
| What is the function of the parietal cells of the gastric glands? The chief cells? Mucous cells? | gastric glands-Secrete HCL (Hydrochloric acid), which converts pepsinogen to pepsin (digests proteins). The chief cells - Secrete Pepsinogen which is later converted to Pepsin (digests proteins) Mucous cells -Secrete mucus which protects the mucosa fro |
| 13. Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give an example of each. ***** | • Mechanical digestion is the breaking of large pieces of food into smaller pieces (Chewing • Chemical digestion - is the chemical alteration of unusable nutrients into usable nutrients. Conversion of glycogen to maltose with enzymes |
| Mouth | chew food |
| Pharynx | passage way for food and air |
| Esophagus | moves food from pharynx to stomach |
| Stomach | store mixes food, chemical digestion of protein by enzymes and acid regulates delivery to small intestines |
| Small intestine | digests protein, fats, carbs, absorbs water and nutrients stores waste |
| Large intestine | adborbs the last of the water and nutrients stores waste |
| Salivary glands | saliva moistens food, bicarbonate maintains PH, amylase digests starch, and lysozyme inhabits bacteria |
| Liver | produces bile, assists with process and storage of nutrients |
| Gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| Pancreas | secretes enzymes into small intestines secretes bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid |
| Secretion | Releasing a useful chemical from a cell or gland. Contrast with excretion which is not useful or a waste product |
| Elimination | Removal of indigestible molecules |
| Absorption | Movement of nutrients along the GI tract wall to be delivered to the cells via the blood stream |
| mechanical | Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces which are more easily handled by later systems |
| Digestion | Splitting of complex non-absorbable food molecules into small absorbable nutrient molecules by hydrolysis forms simpler compounds |
| Chemical digestion | chemically breaks down food into molecules |
| Functions of digestion:Ingestion | intake of food and potential energy |
| Functions of digestionDigestion | Mechanically and chemically breaking down food into subunits |
| Functions of digestion:movement | Move food thru the GI tract to fulfill all functions |
| Functions of digestion: Absorption | Movement of nutrients across GI tract wall to be delivered to the cell via the blood |
| Functions of digestion: Elimination | Removal of indigestible molecules |
| Major salivary glands | Parotid gland Largest gland, In front of each ear over the masseter muscle.Sub-mandibular gland - Located in floor of the mouth.Sub-lingual gland - Located under the tongue. Smallest salivary gland |
| Describe layers that make up the alimentary canal in terms of structure and function. | 1.Mucosa:(S)simple columnar epithelium but varies by function.(F)secrete digestive enzymes and mucus. |
| Describe layers that make up the alimentary canal in terms of structure and function. | Sub Mucosa- (S) Has nerves, lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue. (F) carries away absorbed material. |
| Describe layers that make up the alimentary canal in terms of structure and function. | Muscularis - (s) two layers of smooth muscle that differ in fiber orientation.Inner layer is circular. (contricts the tube)Outer layer is Longitudinal. (shortens the tube) |
| Describe layers that make up the alimentary canal in terms of structure and function. | Serosa -(s)Formed of the Visceral Peritoneum, and is continuous with the parietal peritoneum. (F) secretes serous fluid onto the outer surface of the canal which aids against friction and protects underlying tissues. |
Created by:
nena2654
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