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Plant science exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is Nitrogen a part of a plant? | It is a part of all plant proetiens and is a component of DNA and RNA, necessary for plant growth and chlorophyll production |
| What three nutrients do plants need alot of? | Phosphorus, potassium, Nitrogen |
| Ways nutrients are supplied by? | Crop residue, Animal Manure, Chemical Fertilizers, Natural occurring minerals, Atmosphere, Irrigation, rainfall |
| What are micronutrients? | Mainly involved in metabolic reactions as part of enzymes where they are used over and over without being consumed. |
| Essential Elements | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
| What happens in Iron deficiency of plants? | Leaf turns yellow, vein stays green |
| What happens to a plant with phosphorus deficiency? | Leaves are purple and lacking phosphorus |
| What happens to nitrogen deficient plants? | Plants turn yellow |
| How does Iron help plants? | It is essential in photosynthetic processes and it is the component of many enzymes |
| Why is phosphate a key component of DNA? | It is a key element in the formation of ATP, which play essential roles in photosynthesis and respiration |
| What is mineralization? | Transforms nitrogen to a form plants can use |
| What can calcium do for plants? | Cements cells together in the middle lanella of the cell wall, required for normal cell division and meristem growth |
| Leading state agencies | Texas Department of agriculture, Texasinvasives.org, Texas parks and Wildlife |
| What does APHIS stand for? | Animals and plant Health inspection service |
| What affects climate? | Altitude, Latitude, Large Bodies of water, Hills or Mountains |
| What is a microclimate | Small area near the ground surface that may have a different feel from its surroundings, like the precipitation moisture could be different around an air conditioner |
| Commercial growth regulator | Adventitious root initiation, Weed control, Inhibition of stem sprouting, tissue culture |
| What is climate? | A sub motion of several decades of weather in a given area |
| What is weather | Day to day local phenomenon, like temp, wind, precipitation |
| Thinning out | Removal of branches back to their origin, it decreases density of canopy. It encourages other branches to grow and improves fruit and flower quality. Rejuvinates and redirects growth |
| Dehorning | Drastic pruning of large tree limbs |
| pythium | damping off, wilts readily |
| What does potassium promote? | translocation of sugars, starch formation, stomatal function, root growth, disease resistance, crop quality and also a regulator it advocates plant enzymes and ensures the plant uses water efficiently |
| When to pruin | Late winter to early spring or before a new growth appears |
| Epiphyte | A plant that grows upon another plant, non parasitically or sometimes upon some other objects, derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from devris accumulating around it. Found in temperate zone in the tropics |
| Nematodes | The most diverse phylum and one of the most diverse of all animals. |
| Iron | essential in photosynthetic processes, deficiency first appears in young leaves. |
| Calcium | holds together the middle lamina of the cell wall |
| What is nitrogen necessary for? | plant growth and chlorophyll production |
| What does phosphorus help? | seed germination |
| Heading back | Removal of the terminal portions of the branches, increase density of canopy, encourage branching |
| Ethylene gas | Evokes many responses in plants, Induce leaf abscission, induce root formation |
| How do Auxins promote growth? | Primarily through cell enlargement |
| What are four natural roles of auxins | Internode action, Flower initiation, phototropism, geotropism, |
| What are four commercial uses of auxins? | Adventitious root initiation, weed control, Inhibition of stem sprouting, tissue culture |
| Three natural roles of Gibberellic acids | Internode action, Flower initiation, Fruit growth and ripening |
| Name two commercial uses of Gibberelic acids | Increasing fruit size of seedless grapes, stimulating seed germination and seedling growth |
| List five commercial applications of ethylene | Fruit ripening, Flower initiation, Harvest aid, Growth regulation, Fight bacteria/disease |
| Mesophytes | Economic plants, common plants need only a moderate amount of water |
| Hydrophytes | plants that live near water, swamp and marsh, stomana on top of the plant |
| Xerophytes | Plants that need little water, shallow and Fibrous roots act like a sponge. |
| Climate factors affecting plant growth | Temperature, minimum temperature, early frost, rainfall, light, length of growing season and air movement |
| phytophthora | Root rot |
| Objectives of pruining | Health and safety, mantain desired form, dwarfing, invigoration, increase productivity, Equalize root/shoot ratio, Develop strong branch framework |
| pruning | Removal of unwanted plant parts to improve plants health |
| Auxins | Internode action, Flower initiation, Geotropism, phototropism, apical dominance and root development |
| Geotropism | Ability to respond to gravity |
| Phototropism | ability to respond to light |
| What is necrosis? | Another word for yellowing leaves |
| What is the First line of defense? | The use of genetically resistant plants |
| What are the three corners of the disease triangle? | Insect/disease, Host, Environment |
| Weed ecology | Interaction with its physical and biological environment |
| Potassium deficiency | Edges of the older leaves turning white/ black |
| What are indigenous plants doing to piss people off? | They have rapid growth and an abundant seed production. they replace native plants and have taken over recreational areas |
| Viruses | Extremely small and simple, requires a host, can be spread by seed, plants, humans, insects, EX; Tobacco mosiac, cituris triseza |
| Weed biology | growth and reproduction, classification, reproductive capabilities, genetics |
| What is fungi? | Beneficial as well as pathogenic,phytophthora, phythium, and is easier to control than bacteria |
| What is bacteria? | It is beneficial and pathogenic, it is difficult to control |
| Disease symptoms | Tissue Discoloration, wilting, tissue death, Defoliation, Leaf spots, Abnormal increase in tissue size, Dwarfing, Replacing of host plant tissue by tissue of infectious organisms |
| What is a pathogen? | Fungi, bacteria, virus and many coplasma like organisms |
| What are plant diseases | A pathogen |
| Fertility program | Having it balanced, crop rotation, removes the host plant, Removal of infested plant which will eliminate the source, and use certified seeds which are weed and pathogen free |
| 2 examples of water management | Drainage and irrigation |
| Cultural practices being used aka second line of defense | Tillage practices, crop rotation, water management, Sanitation of equipment |
| The first line of defense | The use of genetically resistant plants, it reduces the cost of pesticides and danger of them |
| What does IPM strategy depend on? | personal preference, public perception, availability of effective options or tools, profit margin |
| 5 methods of IPM | Genetic host resistance, cultural practices, chemical applications, biological controls, government regulatory measures |
| Chemical pinching agents | Chemical that selectively kill or disrupt growing points |
| Transplanting | prune to equalize root/shoot ratio, thin out, root prune |
| Factors to consider when pruning | Growth state, susceptibility to winter injury |
| Cotton | grown for its lint, #1 agri commodity in texas |
| This crop has less demanding soil requirements then others | oats |
| Dent corn | Commercial feed, dries and dented |
| Flint corn | dried and contains hard starches |
| Flour Corn | Soft corn- hand ground into flour |
| Sweet corn | The kernals are very sugary |
| popcorn | Type of flynt corn, smaller ears than dent |
| grain sorghum | ground into bread |
| forage sorghum | sillage |
| Grass sorghum | pastures and hay |
| Wheat | 3rd highest crop in texas mostly in winter |
| Hard wheat | redspring, premiere bread wheat, high in protein |
| Durham wheat | used to make pasta products |
| Soft wheat | Red winter, pastery type flour |
Created by:
mhm009
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