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DNA

DNA Structure & Replication

QuestionAnswer
Who first discovered the double helix of DNA? Rosalind Franklin
Who first made a model of DNA's double helix? James Watson & Francis Crick
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is a polymer (chain) of what? Repeating Nucleotides
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide 1 deoxyribose sugar 1 phosphate group 1 nitrogen base
What are the 4 kinds of nitrogen bases? adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
What is another phrase for base pairing? Complementary pairing
What always pairs with adenine? thymine
What always pairs with guanine? cytosine
What always pairs with thymine? adenine
What always pairs with cytosine? guanine
What kind of weak hydrogen bond binds adenine to thymine? a double bond
What kind of weak hydrogen bond binds guanine to cytosine? a triple bond
What substances make up each side of the DNA 'ladder'? deoxyribose sugar & phosphate molecules
What substances make up the rungs of the DNA 'ladder'? nitrogen bases
The 2 strands of the DNA molecule ___ each other. Complement
The 2 strands of the DNA molecule spiral to form what? a double helix
What is the process of copying chromosomes known as? Replication
When does Replication of chromosomes occur? during S stage of interphase
Where does replication occur? in the nucleus of the cell
Where is the genetic code located within a chromosome? In the order of the nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule
What does the the DNA do at the beginning of Replication? Unwinds & unzips
What protein enzyme breaks the weak hydrogen bonds between the 2 strands of the DNA molecule during Replication? helicase
What do each of the 2 strands become when the DNA has been unzipped? a template (pattern) for a new DNA molecule
What enzyme brings complementary nucleotides to each of the DNA template strands? polymerase
What do we call the process of polymerase bringing complementary nucleotides to each DNA template strand? Base pairing
What is the end result of DNA Replication? 2 DNA molecules identical to the original
What do we call the 2 new DNA molecules that result from Replication? sister chromatids
How long does DNA Replication take? only hours
Where does Replication take place on a DNA strand? in hundreds of locations at the same time
Is the Replication process able to check for errors? Yes, errors seldom occur when DNA copies are made
Created by: 100001916589047
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