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UOP Microbiology

Lecture 20: Viral Diseases I

QuestionAnswer
dermatropic viruses like skin cells Ex) Herpes Simplex, Varicella-Zoster, Warts
Rhinoviruses Picornaviridae family group of (+)ssRNA viruses with >100different serotypes Transmission: via aerosols, fomites, hand-to-hand contact
Symptoms of Rhinoviruses headache, fever, chills, dry scratchy throat, runny nose (rhinorrhea)
Cures and Prevention of Rhinoviruses Block Attachment: antibodies against receptors in the nose block viral attachment Killer kleenex: "tissue sandwich" with acid substance in the middle that will viruses on contact Vitamin C: stimulates more interferon production, strengthens collagen
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Paramyxoviridae family helical, (-)ssRNA, enveloped virus
syncytia giant, multinucleate cells, function abnormally, die and slough off
dyspnea "hunger for air"; a result of infection from RSV
influenza virus Orthomyxoviridae family 8 separate (-)ssRNA helices (w/capsid surrounding each helix)
matrix protein surrounds core of segments; envelope surrounds this
hemiagglutinin spike (H) attachment to ciliated epithelial cells
neuraminidase spikes (N) entry/exit snips sialic acid from carbohydrate on cell membrane
Type A influenza infects wide variety of animals-humans, etc, but wild bird natural hosts subtypes based on H and N
Type B and Type C influenza infects humans but does not cause pandemics
antigenic drift small changes in the virus which occur over time viral polymerase: error prone
antigenic shift abrupt major change in the virus that can result in new H and N combinations that has not been seen by humans can cause pandemics
Guillain-Barre Syndrome a possible complication from an influenza virus paralysis, nerve damage, coma
Reye's Syndrome occurs when kids with flue are administered aspirin use acetaminophen w/ kids; tylennol = antipyretic advil: ibuprofen; NSAID= non-steroidal antiimflammatory disease
Amantadine Symmetrel prevents virus from being uncoated by neutralizing acidic environment in phagolysosomes/ endocytic vesicle; raise pH
Oseltamivir Tamiflu neuraminidase inhibitors; block attachment/ release of virus from host cells must take it right when you know you have gotten a virus infection
HHV1 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (above the waist)
HHV2 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (below the waist) STD
HHV3 Varicella-Zoster Virus chicken pox
HHV4 Epstein Barr Virus mononucleosis
herpes keratitis major cause of blindness in young people ocular herpes
Whitlow an infection of finger/limb that someone with the herpes virus bit
neonatal herpes transmitted to newborn herpes encephalitis = mental impairment, blindness, convulsions (can be fatal)
Acyclovir thymidine kinase from virus converts nucleoside to nucleotide kinase adds phosphate
Varicella Herpesviridae family dsDNA icosahedral enveloped viron chickenpox; occurs mostly in kids
Herpes Zoster Herpesviridae family "shingles"; occurs mostly in adults
Varicella-Zoster virus initial infection: viruses move up spinal nerve Latent virus in nerve cell body Reactivation: viruses move down spinal nerve at a later time; reactivated with stress
Zostervax vaccine against shingles
Warts Herpes Papilloma Virus (HPV); small clusters of infected cells overgrow and bulge non-enveloped DNA viruses HPV infection is associated with cervical cancer
Plantar warts occur on bottom of feet
Genital warts aka condylomata knob-like shape of the warts
pneumotropic viruses like cells of the lungs (respiratory tract) Ex) common cold, influenza, RSV
Created by: acho4
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