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Ch 36 -
Exam 4: Conservation of Biodiversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study and sustainable management of biodiversity for the benefit of human beings | conservation biology |
| the variety of life on the earth (usually we concentrate on the species level) | Biodiversity |
| However, _____ and _____ can also be important | genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity |
| the largest taxonomic group | insects |
| Other invertebrates also make up a significant share of the total species; There are also large numbers of _____ | vascular plant species |
| A significant number of species in the world are in trouble and about ___% have gone extinct | 1% |
| Conservation Biology combines... | a large number of different sciences in order to solve the large problems it faces |
| Medicinal value | Most of the prescribed drugs used in the United States were originally derived from living organisms; Researches believe that based on the biodiversity found in the tropical rain forest, an additional 328 types of drugs are yet to be found |
| Agricultural value | Wild plants act as gene pools for those plants used in agriculture; They have the potential to increase resistance to viruses, faster growth, etc. |
| Consumptive value | New products such as nuts and fruits, new chemicals, etc. |
| Indirect value of natural communities | Control air pollution; Prevent soil erosion; Clean polluted water; Provide recreational value |
| Causes of Extinction | Habitat loss; Alien species; Overexploitation |
| Habitat loss | Example: tropical rain forest |
| Alien species | Non-native species introduced by Man |
| Alien species example purple loosestrife... | out competes native wetland plants in the United States |
| Alien species example mongooses... | in the Hawaiian Islands and other Pacific Islands; Brought in to control introduced rats, but devastated native bird populations |
| Alien species example brown tree snake... | accidentally introduced into Guam and other islands; Has reduced 10 native Guam species to the point of extinction |
| Overexploitation | The number of individuals taken from the wild populations is so great that the population becomes severely reduced in numbers |
| Preserving large areas to protect whole communities and thereby protect the biodiversity | Conservation Techniques |
| Conservation Techniques example | Grizzly bears in the Northwestern U.S. are endangered and large areas of land have been set aside for their protection |
| – As a result habitat is provided for many other animals and it is no accident that the following occur in grizzly country: | The last harlequin ducks in the contiguous 48 states; Strongholds for bull trout, west slope cutthroat trout, lynx, pine martens, wolverines, mountain caribou and the great gray owl; 148 species of rare vascular plants |
| Preservation of biodiversity hotspots: | Some regions of the world contain unusually large concentrations of species; These hotspots contain about 20% of the earth’s species but cover only about half of 1% of the earth’s land area; These areas have large numbers of endemic species |
| a species to an area and not found in any other place in the world | Endemic species |
| –Ex: The rainforests on the Island of Madagascar; Only found in Madagascar: | 93% primate species; 99% of the frog species; Over 80% of the plant species |
| Have more biodiversity than any other ocean | coral reefs |
| Coral reefs develop only in... | warm water. This means that most reefs occur between 30o North and 30o South of the equator |
| Coral reefs are absent from the western coasts of continents because of... | the upwelling of cold water from offshore winds |
| Reefs cover only _______ of the ocean’s area and yet they provide habitat for one-third of all the marine fish species and tens of thousands of other species | .2% |
Created by:
chelsea_2010
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