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cell growth/division
biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| G1 - first gap phase (interphase) | Cell grows quickly as it builds organelles. Major portion of cell's life |
| S - synthesis (interphase) | cell's DNA is copied. at end of S, nucleus has twice as much DNA as at the end of G1. Each chromosome now has 2 identical chromatids that are attached at the centromere. |
| G2 - second gap phase (interphase) | Cell continues to grow and prepares to divide. Cell forms microtubules(hollow protein tubes) are organized in the cytoplasm |
| Mitosis | process of cell division that forms 2 new nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes |
| Cytokinesis | the division of cytoplasm of a cell |
| 1st stage of mitosis | Prophase - chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes move to opposite poles and spindles form. |
| 2nd stage of mitosis | Metaphase - condensed chromosomes line up along the equator. Spindle fibers link the chromatids of each chromosome to the opposite pole. |
| 3rd stage of mitosis | Anaphase - as the spindle fibers shorten, the chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. |
| 4th stage of mitosis | Telophase - A new nuclear envelope forms at each pole. The spindle dissolves and the chromosomes uncoil. Cytokinesis begins. |
| Compare the products of cytokinesis | Animal cell - divided by pinching in half by a belt of protein threads. Plant cells - vesicles fuse to form cell plate in the middle |
| Benign tumor | does not spread to other parts of the body adn can ofter be removed by surgery |
| Malignant tumor | invades and destroys nearby healthy tissues and organs. Can break loose and grow throughout the body - metastatasis. |
| relationship between gene and chromosome | Genes are carried in chromosomes. Many genes in each chromosome. |
| Why is cell size limited? | The cell's ability to exchange substances is limited by its surface area-to-volume ratio. |
| What is a gene? | a segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein |
| During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equator? | Metaphase |
| Prokaryotic chromosomes... | consists of a circular DNA molecule. |
| In what stage of the cell cycle is the DNA copied? | Synthesis phase (S) |
| Mitosis could not proceed if a mutation interrupted the assembly of the ... | spindle fibers |
| What might happen if cytokinesis were omitted from the cell cycle? | the cell would not divide into two daughter cells |
| What type of cell undergoes this type of cell division? Copy single circular chromosome and build a memebrane between the two copies, cell wall forms and divides cell into two cells | Prokaryotic cell |
| from graph, relationship between # of cigarettes smoked and incidence of lung cancer | as the # of cigarettes smoked increased, the incidence of lung cancer increased. |
Created by:
msheridan
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