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molecular genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
| DNA | molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| Nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Base Pairing | principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine |
| Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus |
| Histones | globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
| Replication | copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
| DNA Polymerase | enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA |
| RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| Messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
| Ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| Transcription | RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of RNA |
| RNA Polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
| Promotors | special sequences of bases that allow binding of RNA polymerase: includes RNA coding sequence and terminatior sequence |
| Introns | Long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information |
| Exons | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
| Codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| Translation | the cell uses messenger RNA to produce proteins |
| Anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| Mutations | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| Gene Mutation | a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene |
| Chromosomal Mutation | changes in the number or structure of chromosomes |
| Point Mutation | mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another |
| Frameshift Mutation | mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
Created by:
collinbouwman
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