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McC 8 Genetics/Adapt
McC 8 Genetics/Adaptations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | different forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| Dominant | observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait; these alleles show their effect on the phenotype whenever they are present in the genotype |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| Genotype | combination of genes in an organism, genetic makeup |
| Heredity | passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Heterozygous | an organism has two different alleles for a trait; hybrid |
| Homozygous | an organism has two identical alleles for a trait; pure |
| Phenotype | a combination of the organism's genetic makeup and the environment's effect on that makeup; physical appearance |
| Recessive | trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait |
| Trait | characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive |
| Gene | part of the DNA code on a chromosome; controls traits |
| Homozygous Dominant | two dominant alleles; BB |
| Heterozygous | one dominant & one recessive allele; Bb |
| Homozygous Recessive | two recessive alleles; bb |
| Probability | likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett Square | calculates all the genotypes of the offspring of a genetic cross; possible outcomes |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA (genes) of an organism |
| Evolution | change in a species over a long period of time |
| Species | a group of similar organisms that can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring |
| Extinction | the demise of a species; no more living memebers |
| Natural Selection | organisms that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms that are not |
| Adaptive Radiation | production of several species from one ancestral species |
| Mendel | worked with pea plants; determined parents passed on one allele each to offspring; responsible for principle of independent assortment and law of segregation |
| Independent Assortment | traits are inherited independently of one another |
| Law of Segregation | a parent passes one allele for each trait to their offspring |
| adaptation | behavior or structure that helps an organism survive |
| Sex Cells (gametes) | contain half the normal number of chromosomes, in human 23 |
| Behavioral Adaptations | things (actions) organisms do to survive |
| Structural Adaptations | physical features of an organism |
| Deceptive Coloration | when an organism's color fools either its predators or prey |
| Advertising Coloration | when animals and plants use color to be noticed (can be used to warn or attract animals) |
| Camouflage | helps an organism blend in with its surroundings |
| Mimicry | protects animals and plants from predators or hides them from prey because they look like other things |
| Estivation | period of inactivity during dry, hot conditions |
| Hibernation | period of inactivity during cold conditions |
Created by:
MCJH
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