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theory of evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Over time, could many species have arisen from only a few? Although many scientists had proposed ideas that this had indeed happened, two scientists name ? | Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin |
| Darwin had formulated the idea to the fullest extent in his book | On the Origin of Species |
| when was Charles Darwin boojk published | 1859 |
| a cat produces a cat, an oak tree produces another oak tree, and a bird produces a bird. | Organisms produce similar organisms |
| Often, organisms produce more offspring than can survive in any given | environment. |
| In any population, individuals vary with respect to any given trait, such as height, color, or | body shape |
| what in DNA cause these variations | mutations and genetic recombination |
| These variations can be passed on to the next | generation. |
| Individuals with variations that make them best suited to their environment will survive, while those with variations that are ill-suited to the environment will | die out |
| Only those organisms that survive will pass their favorable traits on to their offspring. This process is | natural selection. |
| what indicated that the Earth was very old, thereby providing sufficient time for evolution to occur | Geological evidence |
| Many what life forms looked like present day organisms. Some fossils (e.g. horses) showed a progression of changes over time. | fossil |
| Most organisms share a common | body plan |
| Furthermore, various anatomical structures of diverse organisms had similar | compositions |
| Many geographically isolated species were similar (horses and zebras, land and marine iguanas, finches and tortoises on the various | Galapagos Islands |
| Since Darwin’s time and the advent of genetics and molecular biology, we know that mutations cause changes in genetic traits | variations |
| A species produces more offspring than will survive to maturity. | Overproduction |
| The individuals within the species’ population are all genetically slightly different from each other. | Genetic Variation |
| Individuals of the population must struggle to avoid predators and find food and shelter. | Struggle to Survive |
| Individuals that are successful at surviving are able to reproduce and pass on their genes to their offspring. | Successful Reproduction |
| On the environmental level, diversity creates stability in ecosystems and biomes. This is called | biodiversity |
| is a process by which organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms less suited to that environment | Natural selection |
| Different groups of the same species become isolated from one another. | Separation |
| The groups adapt to different environments. | Adaptation |
| Over a long period of time, the divided groups evolve into different species that are no longer able to breed with one another. | Division |
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Tregreen12
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