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McFadden Ch.4
The Cell in Action
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density | diffusion |
| the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane | osmosis |
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell | passive transport |
| the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy | active transport |
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | endocytosis |
| the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane | exocytosis |
| the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food | photosynthesis |
| the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | cellular respiration |
| the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen | fermentation |
| the life cycle of a cell | cell cycle |
| in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring od DNA | chromosome |
| chromosomesthat have the same sequence of genes and the same structure | homologous chromosomes |
| in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | mitosis |
| the division of the cytoplasm of a cell | cytokinesis |
| fluids that surround and fill a cell are made mostly of | water |
| water is made up of particles called | molecules |
| What is the result of osmosis? | keeps the particles balanced |
| What process is important to cell functions? | osmosis |
| the effect of osmosis on a wilted plant that has been watered | it makes the plant firm again |
| a cell needs this to transport particles by active transport | energy |
| the channels in a cell membrane are made up of | proteins |
| osmosis is important to cells because | cells are filled with fluids that are made mostly of water |
| the sac formed around a large particle to allow a cell to take in or remove the particle | vesicle |
| What is your body telling you when you feel hungry? | that your cells need energy |
| Where do plant cells get their energy? | from the sun |
| Where do many animal cells get the energy they need? | from food |
| Where does almost all of the energy that fuels life come from? | the sun |
| the molecules in plant cells that absorb light energy are called | pigments |
| plants get their green color from | chlorophyll |
| What is glucose? | carbohydrate |
| Why is glucose important to a plant cell? | provides energy to the cell |
| What does photoynthesis produce? | glucose and oxygen |
| What does your body do with the energy during cellular respiration? | maintains it's temperature |
| What does ATP supply that fuels cell activities? | energy |
| Where does cellular respiration in the cells of eukaryotes take place inside the cell? | mitochondria |
| What is another kind of fermentation? | produces CO2 which occurs in types of bacteria and yeasts |
| How does the process of fermentation help bread rise? | by forming bubbles of CO2 gas which causes the dough to rise and leave holes in the bread |
| this forms carbon dioxide during fermentation and is used to help bread rise | yeast |
| this is converted into food by the process of photosynthesis | the sun's energy |
| this is released by cells during cellular respiration | water, carbon dioxide, energy |
| one type of fermentation in muscle cells produces | lactic acid |
| the equation for cellular respiration | C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+energy |
| the equation for photosynthesis | 6CO2+6H2O+light energy+C6H12O6+6O2 |
| Why is it important for your body to produce millions of new cells by the time you finish reading this sentence? | new cells allow you to grow and replace cells that have died |
| When does the cell cycle begin? | when the cell is formed |
| When does the cell cycle end? | when the cell divides and makes new cells |
| What must a cell do before it can divide to make a new cell? | it must make a copy of its DNA |
| What makes sure that each new cell will be an exact copy of its parent cell? | chromosomes |
| a cell without a nucleus | prokaryotic cell |
| a cell with a nucleus | eukaryotic cell |
| a chromosome is the main ring of DNA in a | prokaryotic cell |
| a chromosome is made up of DNA and protein in a | eukaryotic cell |
| Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells? | prokaryotic cells |
| Bacteria create new cells through a kind of cell division called | binary fission |
| What do chromosomes of eukaryotic cells have more of than chromosomes of prokaryotic cells do? | DNA |
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes do fruit flies have? | 8 |
| How many chromosomes do potatoes have? | 48 |
| What do pairs of homologous have in common? | same genes and same structure |
| in the beginning of the eukaryotic cell cycle, the cell grows and duplicates its | organelles and chromosomes |
| after a chromosome is duplicated the two copies are called | chromatids |
| Where are chromatids held together? | centromere |
| In a eukaryotic cell, what happens during the first stage of the cell cycle? | cell grows, chromosomes and organelles are copied, cromatids held together, chromatids twist and coil into an X shape |
| In a eukaryotic cell, what happens during the second stage of the cell cycle? | chromatids seperate |
| In a eukaryotic cell, what happens during the third stage of the cell cycle? | cell splits into two cells that are identical to each other and to the original cell |
| chromatids seperate and move to opposite sides of the cell | anaphase |
| the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell | metaphase |
| before mitosis begins chromosomes are copied | interphase |
| the nuclear membrane forms around the two sets of chromosomes and the chromosomes unwind and mitosis is complete | telophase |
| mitosis begins and the nuclear membrane dissolves and chromosomes condense into rodlike structures | prophase |
| in cells tha lack a cell wall the cell pinches in two and in cells that have a cell wall a cell plate forms between the two new cells | cytokinesis |
Created by:
cmcfadden
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