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medsurg51
understanding the sensory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sclera | visible white part of the eye |
| cornea | the first part of the eye that refracts light |
| lens | transparent elastic protein, has no capillaries, shape changed by the ciliary muscle |
| posterior cavity | between the lens and the retina, contains vitrous humor |
| anterior cavity | between lens and cornea, contains aqueous humor |
| visual areas location | occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex |
| LPN role in visual exams | assist, they generally do not conduct visual exams |
| OU | both eyes |
| Snellen's chart | an E chart, or a handheld visual acuity chart (Rosenbaum's card) to test near and far vision |
| visual fields by confrontation | tests of peripheral vision |
| normal vision | OU: 20/20 |
| PERRLA | Pupils Equal Round and Reactive to Light, Accommodate |
| arcus sinillus | individuals older than 40 may have bilateral opaque whitening of the outer rim of the cornea, this is normal |
| IntraOccular Pressure checked how | checked with tonometer using a puff of air to make an indent on the cornea to measure the pressure |
| Administration of eye drops | instruct cl to tilt head back and look toward ceiling; form pocket; apply pressure to tear duct for at least one full minute |
| Nystagmus | an involuntary, cyclical, rapid movement of the eyes in response to vertical, horizontal, or rotary movement |
| nystagmus found be what test | extraocular muscle balance and cranial nerve function test |
| corneal light reflex test | used to assess muscle balance; pen light should be reflected on exact same spot on both pupils |
| pupillary reflexes test | in a darkened room, shine penlight laterally towards eye; pupil should quickly contrict |
| the external eyes are inspected for | color and symmetry of the irises, clarity of the cornea, and depth and clarity of the anterior chamber |
| how do you assess clearness of the cornea | shine a light obliquely across the cornea; the cornea should be transparent without cloudiness |
| arcus senilus is caused by | lipid deposits and is considered normal in age >40, also does not affect vision |
| role of LPN in internal eye examination | may be required to explain the procedure to the patient and to assist the advanced practitioner in the examination |
| a culture may be ordered if | exudate from any portion of the eye or surrounding structure is present |
| ultrasound is useful as an examination tool when | the internal eye cannot be visualized directly because of obstructions such as corneal opacities or bloody vitreous |
| X-ray exams use | to view bone structure and tumors |
| Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) use | to visualize ocular structures and abnormalities of the eye and surrounding tissues |
| what is digital imaging | a newer way of viewing the retina without requiring the use of dilating eyedrops |
| when wiping the eyes, the nurse should | wipe from the inner canthus to the outer canthus |
| Morgan lens is used for | eye irrigation |
| punctum | tear duct |
| how to prevent systemic absorption of eye medications | apply pressure to the punctum for at least 1 minute or longer as directed |
| procedure for eye patching | apply ointement or drops is ordered, ask patient to keep eyelid shut, place disposable cotton gauze ey patch over depression of the eye socket, possible metal shield, tape patch |
| clients with eye patches should avoid | reading or watching t.v. |
| auricle(pinna) | in the outer ear, made of cartilage covered with skin |
| middle ear components | eardrum, malleus, incus, and stapes, eustachian tube |
| inner ear | cavity in the temporal bone called the bony labryinth, lined with membrane called the membranous labyrinth |
| perilymph | fluid between bone and membrane |
| endolymph | fluid within the membrane |
| cochlear ducts | concerned with hearing |
| cochlea | shaped like a snail shell and is partitioned internally into three fluid-filled canals |
| process of hearing | transmission of vibrations and generation of nerve impulses |
| order of hearing process | ear canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window of the inner ear, perilymph and endolymph within cochlea, hair cells, 8th cranial nerve, brain |
| auditory areas for both hearing adn interpretation, location in brain | temporal lobes of the cortex |
| otorrhea | ear discharge |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| health history of ear to be reported | otorrhea, otalgia, itching, fullness, tinnitus, or vertigo |
| presbycusis | loss of hearing high-pitched sounds |
| three different auditory function assessment tests | whisper voice test, Rinne test, Weber test |
| balance testing | observe gait as patient walks away, Romberg's test(falling test) |
| Tympanometry | test used to measure compliance of the tympanic membrane and differentiate problems in the middle ear |
| caloric test | used to test the function of the 8th cranial nerve and to assess vestibular reflexes of the inner ear that control balance |
| electronystagmogram use | used to diagnose the causes of unilateral hearing loss of unknown origin, vertigo, or ringing in the ears |
| medications most often used to treat ear disorders | anti-infectives, anti-inflammatories, antihistamines, decongestants, cerumenolytics, and diuretics |
| What should you do when turning the hearing aid on | the volume should be turned up just until it squeals and then turned down until the patient indicates it is at the appropriate level for hearing |
| what type of patient indicated for a cochlear implant | profoundly deaf and has lost all hearing |
| Meniere's disease diet recommendation | lower sodium diet to prevent retention of fluid |
Created by:
laotracuata
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